discussion of a case study

Facilitating a Case Discussion

Have a plan, but be ready to adjust it.

Enter each case discussion with a plan that includes the major topics you hope to cover (with rough time estimates) and the questions you hope to ask for each topic. Be as flexible as you can about how and when the topics are covered, and allow the participants to drive the discussion.

Ask Good Questions

Strive to make your questions interesting (a good measure is your own interest in the answer), clear, and as concise as possible. Emphasize questions that require judgment and analysis rather than purely factual responses. You want as many students as possible to be engaged and interested in joining the discussion. Vary your question types and style to avoid being predictable and keep students engaged.

When calling on students, consider three strategies: an open call , where you call on volunteers; a warm call , where you provide advance notice to a student before or during class before calling on them; and a cold call , where you call on them without any prior warning and when they did not volunteer. If you choose to allow students to speak without raising their hands, be careful to monitor the impact on the distribution of who speaks when—those comfortable speaking out may not be representative of all of your students.

Listen Attentively and Monitor Airtime

If you want students to be engaged and listen to each other, you must also be sure to listen well yourself. Use what you hear to drive your follow-up questions and the next student you call on. As the facilitator, you need to balance the opportunities to speak in class as well as the amount of “airtime” each student gets. The airtime need not be equal in each class session, but track this over time to keep it in balance.

Allow Space to Adjust

Your teaching plan will include several key themes to cover. As you consider transitions, ask yourself a few key questions: Have you covered the key issues in the discussion? What remains to be covered? Is it imperative to cover that material today rather than in a subsequent class?

Incorporate Group Work

Small groups in and outside class can elevate the discussions and increase student engagement. Having teams prepare cases together gives students an opportunity to test ideas and lower the preparation burden. Within class, small groups can accelerate analysis, fill in gaps in preparation, and set up debates. Be sure to give groups clear instructions, and make use of any deliverables they create.

Embrace the Open-Ended

Most students will crave clear answers at the end of each case discussion. Be wary of sharing prefabricated slides with conclusions, and rely more on students to provide the lessons. Call on students to share their thoughts (these can be warm calls at the start of class), have small groups generate their takeaways, or leave students with a question to ponder rather than answers to write down. Vary how you wrap up each class to stay unpredictable.

The Art of Cold Calling

The Perfect Opening Question

Questions for Class Discussion

What to Do When Students Bring Case Solutions to Class

More Key Topics

Selecting cases to use in your classes.

Find the right materials to achieve your learning goals.

Getting Started with Case Teaching

Key considerations as you begin your case teaching journey.

Assessing Learning Outcomes in Case Classrooms

Steps to equitably and credibly grade discussion-based learning.

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