essay about federalism in nepal

Essay On Federalism in Nepal | 500+ Words Essay

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Table of Content

• Introduction To Federalism

Key Features of Federalism

Nepal's history.

• Benefits of Federalism in Nepal
• Challenges and Solutions of Federalism

Empowering Locals

Cultural preservation.

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Federalism in Nepal

Introduction.

Federalism is a system of government that divides power and authority between a central government and multiple smaller, regional governments. In the context of Nepal, federalism was introduced in 2015 as a significant transformation in the country's governance structure. This change aimed to address historical disparities, empower local communities, and promote inclusive development.

Nepal's federalism model consists of three levels of government: federal, provincial, and local. The federal government handles matters of national importance, such as foreign policy and national security. The provincial governments focus on issues that impact their respective regions, while local governments handle community-specific concerns. This division of power allows decisions to be made at the level closest to the people, ensuring better understanding and responsiveness.

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Benefits of Federalism

Federalism in Nepal has brought several benefits. Firstly, it has promoted inclusivity by giving a voice to different ethnic and cultural groups. Each province can make decisions that reflect their unique needs and priorities. Secondly, federalism has enhanced local governance. Local governments are more aware of local challenges and can tailor solutions accordingly. Thirdly, it has encouraged economic development by allowing regions to exploit their resources and opportunities more effectively.

Challenges and Solutions

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One of the significant achievements of federalism in Nepal is the empowerment of local communities. Local governments now have authority over education, health, and infrastructure development. This has led to faster decision-making and implementation of projects that directly benefit the people. It has also encouraged civic engagement as citizens actively participate in local governance processes.

Federalism in Nepal is a transformative step towards a more inclusive and prosperous nation. It addresses historical disparities, empowers local communities, and encourages sustainable development. While challenges exist, proper coordination, capacity-building, and cultural preservation efforts can help overcome them. As Nepal's youth, understanding and actively participating in this federal structure will shape the country's future, fostering unity in diversity and building a stronger Nepal for generations to come.

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Federalism: Challenges and Opportunities in Nepal

Molung Educational Frontier

It is assumed that the main aspect of the Constitution of Nepal promulgated on September 20, 2015 is the transfer of power from central/federal to the provincial and local government. However, the devolution process has not been satisfactorily experienced as had been expected when it was promulgated by the overwhelming majority of the then Constituent Assembly. One of the reasons for this slow progress might be some confusion and/ or problem in matters of power sharing between different levels of governments. So, the primary objective of the researcher is to review the power sharing modality existing in the new constitution on different sectors and areas of the state machinery. This paper focuses on the federal structure, demography, power sharing between the provincial and local level, opportunities and challenges of federalism in Nepal. It argues that the restructuring initiatives have not been successful in minimizing the political, social, economic, regional and ethnic inequalit...

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This paper examines the core attributes and characteristics of federalism such as state restructuring, power-sharing, ensuring fundamental rights, and intergovernmental relationships. These are underpinned by constitutional provisions of 2015. Both primary and secondary information were used as a data sources. However, the constitution 2015 and citizens' responses were used as major sources of information. Seventy-two key informant interviews were administered purposely to triangulate the results. Findings indicate that the state was reformed into 7 provinces, and 753 local government units. However, much debate and discussions could not take place adequately on behalf of the state regarding the state restructuring process, nor had any established principles and criteria been used. As a result, there are many doubts have been emerged to implement federalism at the grassroots level. Although the government saying was that few indicators were designed to restructure the local governments, the political parties mainly Madheshi and identity-based sub-regional groups differed to the government decision. In addition, the constitution gives legislative, executive, and judiciary functions to all levels of governments, while capacity restraints, and lack of adequate legal procedures; federation have been extending its dominant role. Latterly, the inter-government relationship was adversely affected due for various reasons. For instance, firstly, imbalances of vertical and horizontal relationships; Secondly, provincial, and local governments' fiscal dependency on the federal government; and thirdly, power-seeking attitude of the bureaucracy. In the end, an applicable mechanism of service delivery and governance integrity is recommended for to effective federalization.

Nepal has been serious about establishing Federal model of constitution therein since there last movement for democracy, and especially after 2006 when the monarchy was completely thrown over, leaving zero scope for monarchial restoration there in Nepal. Of course it was a common agenda of all political parties therein and to greater extent it might be the willingness of external actors, but has happened after 2006 in Nepal in the name of finalization of the Constitution and formulation of federal model was not healthier. Besides, it was either more cautiousness or hyper sensitivity towards it that there happened a mass up and downs in politics, beginning with majority of Maovadies in first election and the crowning Prachanda as the Prime Minister of Nepal; and later thrown up of the same party to opposition status and bringing of Nepali Congress and UML coalition in power. As a result the country suffered for more than 9 years to get a constitution, which has been implemented on 20 th Sept. 2015 therein. The marathon for constitutional drafting and delineating federal territories was complicated by the political parties themselves, and whatever has been formulated is again seem to be tentative as it again not able to satisfy public grievances, especially that of Madhesies. It is essentially to mention that the adopted federal territories are more or less the same of Development Regions with some changes therein and creating a total 7 federal units in Democratic Federal state of Nepal. The implemented constitution is a sort of political compromise to fulfill their personal greed and not the public needs.

Nepal practiced a centralized unitary governing system for long and has gone through the federal system after the promulgation of the new constitution on 20 September 2015. There is a big paradigm shift in terms of governance after it. Now, there are three levels of governments, one federal government in the center, seven provincial governments and 753 local governments. Federalism refers to a political governing system with multiple tiers of government working together with coordination. It is preferred for self and shared rule. Though it has opened the door for rights of the people, political stability, state restructuring, and sustainable peace and development, there are many prospects and challenges for its proper implementation. This research analyzes the discourses of federalism implementation in Nepal with special reference to one of seven provinces, Gandaki. Federalism is a new phenomenon in Nepali politics and informed debates on it are required for its right evolution. Thi...

This article is prepared by means of primary and secondary sources in the printed books and online portals; and questionnaire. Qualitative approach was applied to collect and analysis of the data. This article intends to explore the concept of federalism, history, practice and impact in Nepal. Federalism is a kind of governance system in which the political power is divided among the central or federal government, provincial government and local level territorial units. Currently, federal executive and federal legislature; state executive and state legislature; and local executive (village executive and municipal executive) and local legislature has been in practice in Nepal. Likewise, Supreme Court, high court, special court, district court and judicial committee in the local level under the vice-chair person of village executive and municipality are the organ of current judicial system in Nepal. Federal system has not been implementing as the will of people, a fewer services of ce...

Nepal is the youngest country to adapt federalism after ending the 10 years of armed insurgency waged by Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (UCPN-M 2 ) in 2006. Nepal has decided but not yet implemented federalism in Nepal. Before Nepal, several countries have adopted or readopted federalism after armed conflict such as Mexico (1971), Argentina and Venezuela (more than once), The experiences are mixed in terms of emergence of conflict and its management in these countries. Most of the conflicts in post-conflict countries are related to sharing of resources between states/provinces within countries and with the neighbouring countries. The experience of Nepal is mixed and many incidences demonstrate that it is not promising. The extreme positions for and against federalism in Nepal are not only creating confusions among the political decision makers and proponents and opponents but also gradually resisting from both the sides. This paper, based on the research of NCCR North-South in Nepal for 4 years presents the synthesis of ongoing debate in federalism and indicates the potential areas of conflict and tensions related to federalization process in Nepal.

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This study examines how far Nepal's current practice of federalism has progressed toward people's aspirations, based on power separation, public trust, power equalization, and intergovernmental relationships. Primary data was collected on purposively 72 key informant interviews, which were then triangulated by the KII response. Finding demonstrates that functions and authorities were devolved in accordance with the principle of separation of powers at all three levels of government. However, the constitutional provisions were completely disregarded, and power was centralized by an unholy alliance of political leadership and bureaucracy. Second, people expected the democratic government to take a welfare approach to ensure greater pluralism and alliances, but special interests of politicians for their election constituencies, as well as identity-based issues, caused havoc in the effective operation of federalism. Third, the provision of three tiers of power-sharing mechanisms was based on coexistence, cooperation, and coordination. However, the federal government appears hesitant to support sub-national governments due to the centralized mindset of bureaucrats and politicians. Fourth, the constitution has focused on intergovernmental relations, but such relationships fail due to imbalances in vertical and horizontal relationships, fiscal dependency, and the bureaucracy's power-seeking attitude. In the end, two key questions for the discussions are raised. First, the institutionalization of accountability at the local level is it a true commitment, or is it merely an ivory tower? Second, the provision of autonomy has been used as a means of transformation or simply as a bargaining tool at the local level?

This paper emphasizes on the opportunities of federalism which Nepal has recently undertaken after the promulgation of Constitution of Nepal, 2015 (2072) followed by formation of government at all three tiers viz. federal, provincial and local level and focusses on challenges it has to face walking through twists and turns. Nepal is an underdeveloped country with diverse geography, ethnic groups, linguistic groups and various political parties. Poverty, regional imbalance, improper infrastructure and unemployment remain Nepal's major problems. The federalism with how relevantly it is associated to democracy has been explored in the paper simultaneously addressing how disparities caused by class, caste, ethnicity, language, religion, region and gender be attenuated. This paper tries to diagnose the impact of federalism, for which to fruitfully grow into a baby from zygote, Nepal needs to address upon.

One of the key agendas of Nepal’s aborted constitution building process was the endeavor to restructure Nepal into a federal state. The divisions among the main political parties on this issue, reflective of larger divergences among various social and ethnic groups in Nepal’s society, were probably among the prime reasons why the process ultimately failed and why the peace process that began in 2006 has therefore still not come to a formal conclusion. At the same time, the work of the Constituent Assembly has resulted in considerable consensus about how the state in Nepal should be decentralized, in a manner qualitatively different from all earlier decentralization efforts. Even if Nepal has not been given a new Constitution, and even if federalism remains a vague and contested concept for many of Nepal’s people, the path towards more effective, decentralized and inclusive governance is really the only alternative for the country – which appears to be understood by political and bureaucratic elites alike. And yet, too little has been done to prepare for any eventual implementation of a new Constitution whose outlines are clear and tangible enough to expect a significant degree of state restructuring. Efforts to support Nepal’s constitution building process must therefore be accompanied by dedicated and long-term programmes to prepare and facilitate the transition from the currently over-centralized and unitary system to a more shared, inclusive and flexible form of governance for the country. This chapter analyses the early efforts of preparing Nepal for the legal and administrative changes a federal state structure would bring, beginning in 2009 and intensifying in 2010, and summarizes the developments since then, including the eventual dissolution of the Constituent Assembly in 2012. An earlier version of this analysis was written for key stakeholders in the constitution building process – the Constituent Assembly, the Government of Nepal, political parties, civil society, representatives of the institutions that needed to be created, and Nepal’s development partners, in September 2009, at a time when the timely conclusion of the since-aborted constitutional drafting process still seemed within reach. A particular focus then was on the how the constitution building process, and in particular a new formula for sharing powers between the centre and the to-be-created provinces would impact on Nepal’s relationship with its development partners.

Many countries at recent are well governing under federalism; meanwhile, a few of the countries are struggling hard to sustain their federal form of government. This research purposes to explore federalism, federal forms, models of federalism that are being practiced in different countries, including the issues, challenges, practices and their relevance of federalism in Nepal. I investigated the significance of federalism in the paper through an intensive analysis of the positive aspects and drawbacks of federalism. For the research, various reference books, articles, and reports are taken under consideration whereas secondary data is supported by primary data. It is qualitative and descriptive research. Federalism, a structure of government combining a general government with regional governments, is roughly found in over 25 countries in the world. Federalism has a federal/central government at the top while the regional governments such as provincial, state, territorial, cantonal, or other sub-unit governments are below the central government. These different tiers of government function cordially in various sectors of development, planning and policy-making of the state and its parts. In the paper, going through the study of models of federalism, the present context of countries exercising federalism and the strength and weakness of the federal model, we can conclude the significance of federalism, its necessity, and ways of achieving it. One shall predict the future of federalism passing through this paper.

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The Fashion of Federalism in Nepal: Challenges and Opportunities

• Baburam Bhul Ph.D Scholar, Nepal Open University

This article examines federalism as a political system combining self-rule and shared rule, clarifying the latter's meaning beyond mere participation in central government decisions. The focus is on Nepal's transition from a historically unitary system to a federal structure, a response to longstanding desires for regional development and the elimination of inequalities. This article is based on the review of existing literature. It is also based on secondary data and information and findings of previous research work especially in a thematic approach. The study traces the evolution of Nepal's federal system from its inception, influenced by societal mobilizations and a changing political landscape. The importance of federalism lies in empowering diverse communities while fostering collaboration at different government levels. The article also reviews global perspectives on federalism, emphasizing its role in ensuring peace, democratic resilience, service delivery, and efficient decision-making in diverse, large countries. Key findings highlight the need for active engagement and cooperation between the federal and subnational governments for a successful federalism in Nepal. Nepal's hourglass-shaped federal model effectively distributes power but grapples with fiscal centralization and revenue disparities, underscoring the need for continuous implementation and intergovernmental collaboration for efficient public service delivery. The study emphasizes the significance of honest and dedicated implementation by political parties and advocates for a federal system that guarantees the rights and autonomy of minority groups. Ultimately, Nepal's journey towards federalism strives to correct historical disparities and create an inclusive democracy, fostering economic development at the state level and positioning federal states as economic centers. The federal government's critical role lies in ensuring the security, prosperity, and rights of the people, unlocking the potential of federalism for Nepal's future.  

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