• Corpus ID: 158139333

Exploring challenges and problems faced by LGBT students in Philippines: A qualitative study.

  • Xijia Tang , Ak Narayan Poudel
  • Published 2018
  • Sociology, Education

18 Citations

Lived experiences of gay and lesbian adolescents on their way to achieving self-actualization: basis for the development of u-bahaghari: a university-based lgbt advocacy program.

  • Highly Influenced

Prevalence of Bullying among LGBT Students in Nueva Ecija

Stress, challenges, discrimination and sense-making processes of gay university students: the social stigma approach, labor migration and queer sexuality exploration: a narrative inquiry of filipino queer teachers in thailand, in/out of the closet: perceived social support and outness among lgb youth, narratives of compulsory heterosexuality struggles of filipino lesbians in the selected poems from tingle: anthology of pinay lesbian writings, unsheltered rainbows: meaning of home among homeless and runaway sexual minority, bullying and other risk factors related to adolescent suicidal behaviours in the philippines: a look into the 2011 gshs survey, sogie equality bill deliberations in the 18th congress of the philippines: a persisting battle against discrimination, kadahilanan, kaakuhan, and kaunawaan: yielding the unheard narratives of student atheists in a science high school, related papers.

Showing 1 through 3 of 0 Related Papers

Eric Julian Manalastas

Dept of psychology, university of the philippines diliman.

Eric Julian Manalastas

LGBT psychology in the Philippines

874 KB

LGBT psychology in the Philippines

Recent Publications

Homonegativity in Southeast Asia: Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam

  • Love (and LGBT Psychology) lovelier the second time around
  • The "I ♥ Lesbian and Gay Rights" pin: An experiential learning exercise to understand anti-LGBT stigma
  • A bond between man and woman: Religiosity, moral foundations, and same-sex marriage attitudes in the Philippines

Suicide ideation and suicide attempt among young lesbian and bisexual Filipina women: Evidence for disparities in the Philippines

Queering Sexual Education in the Philippines: Policy and Program Implications for Filipino LGBTQ+ Youth

  • January 2021

Luis Emmanuel A. Abesamis at UP Center for Women's and Gender Studies

  • UP Center for Women's and Gender Studies

Klarizze Valdoria Siddayao at De La Salle University

  • De La Salle University

Discover the world's research

  • 25+ million members
  • 160+ million publication pages
  • 2.3+ billion citations
  • SOC SCI MED

Luis Emmanuel A. Abesamis

  • Aljane Mari O. Domingo
  • Matria Ashlee F. Sayson
  • Kyx M. Hubilla

Joseph Agbuya Villarama

  • J HOMOSEXUAL
  • Melbert O Hungo

Leomarich Casinillo

  • J Lesb Stud
  • Rowalt Alibudbud
  • Community Dev J

Charles Anthony Panti Suarez

  • Claire M. Go
  • Danielle Khristine B. Dela Cruz

Teresita Rungduin

  • Reprod Health
  • Junice L. D. Melgar
  • Alfredo R. Melgar

Mario Philip Festin

  • Eli Coleman

Jamie Lynn Feldman

  • Sandra Lipsitz Bem
  • Lawrence Nyika

Angellar Manguvo

  • Fungai Zinyanduko

Stephen Thomas Russell

  • Recruit researchers
  • Join for free
  • Login Email Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password? Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with Google Welcome back! Please log in. Email · Hint Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password? Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with Google No account? Sign up
  • Get involved

Being LGBT in Asia: The Philippine Country Report

December 4, 2015.

Being LGBT in Asia: the Philippines Country Report provides an overview of LGBT rights in the Philippines including the effects of laws, policies, culture and social attitudes, and religion, based on research, consultation and the National LGBT Community Dialogue. This overview is followed by an examination of the Philippines experience of protecting the rights of LGBT people under eight different areas: education, health, employment, family affairs, religion, community, media and politics, using the same methodology as described above. Case studies illustrating success or challenges are included in the relevant areas. The next section examines the capacity of LGBT organizations in the Philippines. This was based on analysis of a participant survey as part of the Dialogue. The final section is a list of recommendations and action points generated by the Dialogue. In the Philippines, the grouping ‘Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT)’ includes a wide range of indigenous terms with various geographical and subcultural origins. This is defined further in Annex B.

Document Type

Regions and countries, related publications.

background pattern

Publications

Monitoring progress towards solutions to internal displac....

This paper is based on an in-depth desk review and a series of workshops and consultations involving over 200 individuals from 70+ organizations concerned with ...

text

The Cost-of-Living Crisis in Mozambique: Poverty Impacts ...

This paper finds the limited mitigation potential of tax measures, but alternative policies, such as cash transfers, have nearly three times greater mitigation ...

graphical user interface

Emerging practices to improve access to and working condi...

This guide show how expanding good practices can help ensure that online platform work is both viable and decent for refugees and host communities, while making...

background pattern

Multi-speed growth is back, with a fiscal blind spot

While 68 developing economies are currently growing at more than 4%, the projected effects on poverty are uneven. Looking forward, high levels of debt and weak ...

graphical user interface

Finance, Integrity and Governance initiative: Internation...

This paper highlights key messages from the Finance, Integrity and Governance (FIG) Initative which provides space to examine emerging issues on financial integ...

research paper about lgbt in the philippines pdf

Emerging Horizons: Youth Insights on Climate Change and B...

This paper shares insights from a participatory foresight workshop designed and facilitated by UNICEF Innocenti in the framework of the Youth4Climate: Sparking ...

Queer Identity and Gender-Related Rights in Post-Colonial Philippines

Australian Journal of Asian Law, 2019, Vol 20 No 1, Article 19: 265-275

12 Pages Posted: 19 Nov 2019

University of the Philippines

T C de Vela

Miriam College

Date Written: November 17, 2019

The Philippines is at a critical historical point where LGBT identities and rights are being questioned, not in a manner of interrogation which aims to deconstruct and understand, but in a method that is often offensive and misinformed. This paper describes the Filipino queer identities in the past three decades and the struggle to attain equality in rights through legislative advocacy. The authors trace the development of Filipino queer identities from the pre-colonial period where non-binary genders were accepted if not revered, and argue that the ensuing colonial influences shaped the present state of intolerance LGBTs face today. The civil code tradition and Catholicism from the Spaniards have been fundamental forces in restricting legal gender recognition to a binary framework. A rights-based approach to advocacy, coupled with extra-legal approaches in the cultural sphere, remains a strong and needed strategy in the fight for gender equality and inclusion.

Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation

Lee Yarcia (Contact Author)

University of the philippines ( email ).

Diliman Quezon City, 1101 Philippines

Tesa De Vela

Miriam college ( email ).

Philippines

Michael Tan

Do you have a job opening that you would like to promote on ssrn, paper statistics, related ejournals, discrimination, law & justice ejournal.

Subscribe to this fee journal for more curated articles on this topic

Asian Law eJournal

Australian journal of asian law.

Subscribe to this free journal for more curated articles on this topic

Sexuality & the Law eJournal

Feminist methodology & research ejournal.

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

  • We're Hiring!
  • Help Center

First page of “How Discrimination Happens Being LGBT and the experience of discrimination in access to employment, and the labour market in the Philippines”

Download Free PDF

How Discrimination Happens Being LGBT and the experience of discrimination in access to employment, and the labour market in the Philippines

Profile image of Katherine Visconde

Free related PDFs Related papers

This paper aims to provide an overview of the presence of discriminatory practices towards homosexual workers in the Philippines, this paper explores the theoretical correlation of Michel Foucault's postruralist concepts on queer theory. Given that though we are proclaimed to the be ranked the 10th most "gay-friendly" country among the secular countries, there are still LGBTQ activist groups such as LADLAD, Babaylan, etc, annual pride parades, the proposal of Anti-Discrimination bill (now SOGIE Equality Bill) in the congress and cases of hate crimes being committed towards the LGBTQ members. With the postructuralist perspective, the paper aims to define homosexuality as being oppressed by the dominant ideology of heterosexuality through the means of a set of standards and regulations. Using research articles, that includes the treatment of homosexual workers through the means setting acceptable behaviors, homosexuals being the target for authoritative and legal action and environments that encourage sexual prejudice and discrimination. But theoretically, this paper concludes that Foucault and Derrida's concepts of homosexuality's' misrecognition in society, may prove the need to equip such laws that caters to their needs.

research paper about lgbt in the philippines pdf

The struggle to end discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons is a global challenge, and one that is central to the United States’ commitment to promoting human rights.” -United Stated President Barrack Obama (2011)

Towards an LGBT Rights: Reflecting on the Philippine Setting Cover Page

The labor markets has been partnered with discrimination and segregation mechanisms to specific groups of the society due to their sexual orientation, regardless the potential and characteristics of the human been. This article shows the business and occupational profiles characteristics for the LGBT community in Chapinero in Bogota-Colombia. The methodology used in this research is based on the implementation of semi-structured interviews starting from a descriptive analysis. It was found that in a first place, the discrimination and occupational segregation varies for homosexual men, lesbians, bisexual and transgender people. This means that, the segregation and discrimination are in function of the identity construction and body demonstration of the sexuality. In a second place, the working conditions of the surveyed people has a negative impact in their life quality.

Discrimination and labor exclusion in the LGBT community : a case study in the locality of Chapinero , Bogota , Colombia Cover Page

Philippine Law Journal, 2012

This paper argues that the anti-sex discrimination provision of the Philippine Labor Code also protects lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBTs) individuals against workplace discrimination. It won the 2011 Perfecto V. Fernandez Prize in Labor Law, annually awarded by the University of the Philippines College of Law.

“Sex” in the Workplace: Approaches to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination in the Workplace  Absent an Anti-Discrimination Law Cover Page

Asian Review of Social Sciences, 2019

Responsiveness on Equal Work Opportunity in Philippines Cover Page

Journal of Government & Civil Society, 2023

The study is drawn from the challenges and experiences of the LGBT individuals in the country experiencing discrimination and harassment due to marginalization which remained to create barriers to equality for LGBT people. The passing of Anti-Discrimination Ordinances in selected cities in Metro Manila is a triumph for many LGBT groups. The study shed light on comparison of Anti-Discrimination Ordinances and the existing LGBT ordinances between the selected local governments of Metro Manila in terms of its implementation and effects. It identified which among the local government units (LGUS) initiatives suits to be the best that may serve as model for other local governments in their future legislation of their own Anti-Discrimination Ordinance. The study utilized the Principal-Agent Theory to contextualize a situation in which local governments are involved. A qualitative comparative analysis that used key informant interviews and surveys is utilized in the study. Results presented that despite having the same composition and provisions when it comes to its enactment, Marikina, Manila, and Mandaluyong differ in ways and use of systems in terms of enforcement. Thus, the three LGUs may further establish mechanisms to monitor complaints of gender-based violence and provide guidelines in handling LGBT victims and may incorporate awareness-raising campaigns.

Raining on Rainbows: A Comparative Study Of LGBT Anti-Discrimination Ordinances Between the Local Governments of Marikina, Manila, and Mandaluyong in the Philippines Cover Page

This work focuses on discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity out of many other forms of discrimination in labor market. What emerged is a collection of experiences and potential problems faced by LGBTI people as “workers” based on the studies and researches done in this field in Turkey. It points at involved parties for a solution and debates the status of this problem in a social politics discipline. According to this, it became clear that the issue has been ignored to a great extend in the social politics discipline. In the field of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, the LGBT comunity does not pose as a homogeneous group. While, in particular, LGB individuals can “hide” their identities and become invisible to discrimination, trans individuals are more subject to discrimination and hate due to their visibility and are in a more disadvantaged position in employment compared to the rest of the community. This disadvantage sidelines trans people, pushes them out of labor market and forced them into sex work. What is worse than discrimination in employment is the violation of the right to life. This is why, while touching LGB workers in labour force, the continuing debate will be on trans individuals given the negative impacts of widespread discrimination in society on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. (http://www.kaosgl.com/page.php?id=19927)

Looking at discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity in labor market from a social politics point of view Cover Page

Queer Politics and Human Rights: A Case Study of Homosexual and Transgender “Parlorista” in Iloilo City, Philippines, 2018

This is a case study of the selected five (5) parlorista bakla who typically identify as either homosexual men or transgenders women in Iloilo City. Parloristas are typically seen as low-income “bakla” – a colloquial Filipino term that means effeminate homosexual men an transgender women. This study identifies and describes the socio-cultural and economic background of the selected participants, analyzes the forms of oppression and acts of discrimination that they experienced and identify the types of government support and legislation that can serve as basis for further human right programming in local settings in the Philippines. The research utilized queer politics as basis of analysis into the lived experiences of respondents with varying socio-cultural and economic backgrounds. Interviews were conducted and facilitated with the use of one questionnaire. Results have shown that the respondent's multi-faceted intersectional socio-cultural and economic backgrounds play a significant role in the acceptance of the participants in various settings. The participants’ socio-economic background, as well as, the discovery of self-identified sexual orientation, gender identity and expression (SOGIE). Parloristas have developed a tolerance of discrimination and have regarded it as common-day experience that does not need to be corrected or addressed to the proper authority or institution. The findings also suggest that government support and legislation are essential in protecting the rights of these populations because legal mechanisms are most effective in curtailing discrimination. This study takes on intersectional analysis as precursor to legal redress for the discrimination of sexual and gender minorities in the Philippines.

Queer Politics and Human Rights: A Case Study of Homosexual and Transgender "Parlorista" in Iloilo City, Philippines (Undergraduate Thesis) Cover Page

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

BEING LGBT IN ASIA: THE PHILIPPINES COUNTRY REPORT A Participatory Review and Analysis of the Legal and Social Environment for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Individuals and Civil Society Cover Page

Revista Científica y Arbitrada de Ciencias Sociales y Trabajo Social ‘‘Tejedora’’, 2022

Non-hiring as a discrimination of gender diversities (LGBTI) in the workplace / La no contratación como discriminación de las diversidades de género (LGBTI) en el ámbito laboral Cover Page

Northern Illinois University: Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations, 2000

The Gender Behaviors of Filipino Male Homosexuals in Metropolitan Manila within the Era of Cultural Globalization Cover Page

North American Journal of Psychology, 2021

Sexual Prejudice: Filipinos' Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gay Men Cover Page

Sexualities, 2021

Migrant Workers and LGBT Activism: A Comparative Study of Filipino and Indonesian Domestic Workers in Hong Kong Cover Page

Exploring challenges and problems faced by LGBT students in Philippines: A qualitative study., 2018

Exploring challenges and problems faced by lgbt students in philippines a qualitative study Cover Page

Unpublished Research Report, 2009

Nanang Zubaidi - Discriminations Against LGBT in the U.S. (Unpublished Research Report) Cover Page

North American Journal of Psychology, 2019

Religiosity, Gender Role Beliefs, and Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gays in the Philippines Cover Page

Gender & Society April 2015 vol. 29 no. 2 169-194

Purple-Collar Labor: Transgender Workers and Queer Value at Global Call Centers in the Philippines Cover Page

Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2011

Employment Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation: A Hong Kong Study Cover Page

USAID Report, 2014

The Relationship between LGBT Inclusion and Economic Development: An Analysis of Emerging Economies Cover Page

International Journal of Social Science Research, 2020

Psychometric Properties of The Malay Version of Perceived Discrimination Scale among Gay Men and Lesbians in Malaysia Cover Page

Psychosocial Intervention 29(2) 93-101, 2020

Discrimination, Work Stress, and Psychological Well-being in LGBTI Workers in Spain Cover Page

World Development, 2019

The relationship between LGBT inclusion and economic development: Macro-level evidence Cover Page

Religion & Human Rights, 2019

Weaponising religious freedom: Same-sex marriage and gender equality in the Philippines Cover Page

  •   We're Hiring!
  •   Help Center
  • Find new research papers in:
  • Health Sciences
  • Earth Sciences
  • Cognitive Science
  • Mathematics
  • Computer Science
  • Academia ©2024

IMAGES

  1. (PDF) LGBT community in the focus of sociological research

    research paper about lgbt in the philippines pdf

  2. Research Paper Tungkol Sa Lgbt Tagalog

    research paper about lgbt in the philippines pdf

  3. (PDF) exploring-challenges-and-problems-faced-by-lgbt-students-in

    research paper about lgbt in the philippines pdf

  4. (PDF) Diversity and inclusion for LGBT workers: Current issues and new

    research paper about lgbt in the philippines pdf

  5. (PDF) Introduction to the Special Issue: Challenges of LGBT research in

    research paper about lgbt in the philippines pdf

  6. (PDF) LGBT psychology in the Philippines

    research paper about lgbt in the philippines pdf

COMMENTS

  1. (PDF) exploring-challenges-and-problems-faced-by-lgbt-students-in

    Learn about the challenges and problems faced by LGBT students in the Philippines, a gay-friendly country, from this research paper.

  2. (PDF) LGBT psychology in the Philippines

    This paper presents an account of the initial developments towards an LGBT psychology in the Philippines. We situate this on critical events leading to: (1) an official policy by the Psychological ...

  3. PDF The Status of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Rights in The

    Council on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights in the Philippines. This report is largely based on unpublished interviews, grassroots research, media reports, the web, and records of the Philippine government and United Nations agencies. Overview

  4. PDF How Discrimination Happens

    I. The Status of LGBT Filipinos in the Philippines 9 1.1. Background of the Study 9 1.2 Relevance of the Research 14 1.3. Objectives and Research Questions 15 1.4 Scope and Limitations 17 1.5 Organization of the Research Paper 18 II. Understanding Heteronormativity, and Employment

  5. (Pdf) Balangaw: Lived Experiences of Lgbt Students in The Midst of

    PDF | Gloc-9's song "Sirena" has proved immensely popular and contentious in the Philippines, especially among the LGBT community, which is the song's... | Find, read and cite all the research you ...

  6. PDF Advocating a gender-responsive program against LGBTQ+ prejudice and

    1 BAHAGI KA NG BAHAGHARI1: Advocating a gender-responsive program against LGBTQ+ prejudice and discrimination in the Philippines Junix Jerald I. Delos Santos, Emerging Leader (Psychological Association of the Philippines) Mentor: Tamara Cavenett, Established Leader (Australian Psychological Society) The lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ+) community has been historically

  7. PDF Being Lgbt in Asia: the Philippines Country Report

    Being LGBT in Asia: The Third Philippine National LGBT Community Dialogue This report reviews the legal and social environment faced by lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in the Philippines. It is a product of the Third Philippine National LGBT Community Dialogue ('the Dialogue') that was held 29-30 June 2013 in Manila.

  8. [PDF] LGBT psychology in the Philippines

    This paper presents an account of the initial developments towards an LGBT psychology in the Philippines. We situate this on critical events leading to: (1) an official policy by the Psychological Association of the Philippines (PAP) against anti-LGBT discrimination in 2011, the first in south-east Asia; and (2) the institutionalisation in 2014 of the PAP's LGBT Psychology Special Interest ...

  9. (PDF) Towards an LGBT Rights: Reflecting on the Philippine Setting

    IV. CONCLUSION This paper seeks to identify the factors that hinders the implementation of the Anti-discrimination bill that protects the welfare and development of the Filipino LGBT groups. Also, this work promotes understanding on the legal and social environment faced by lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in the Philippines.

  10. Exploring challenges and problems faced by LGBT students in Philippines

    The Philippines is considered as a gay-friendly country. However, it is reported that Filipino Lesbian, Gay, Transgender and Bisexual (LGBT) community, especially LGBT students are struggling with bullying and discrimination from families, communities and schools. This paper aims to explore the works conducted by the first Filipino student LGBT organization (UP Babaylan), major barriers ...

  11. PDF Acceptance and Attitude of Filipinos Towards LGBTQIA+ Community

    strictly adhered to earn social acceptance (Paisley & Tayar, 2015). The Philippines has a collectivistic society; though judging by the intensity of social standards, it is more tightly knit than American culture (Church, 1987, as cited by Church, A. T., Katigbak, M. S., & del Prado, A. M., 2010). Hence, in the Philippines, LGBTQIA+ individuals

  12. PDF Exploring challenges and problems faced by LGBT students in Philippines

    challenges experienced by LGBT students in the Philippines and explore possible solutions to those issues. The three objectives of the study are: i) to know about services provided by UP Babaylan to LGBT students in the University of Philippines; ii) to explore main challenges and problems The Philippines is considered as a gay-friendly country.

  13. LGBT psychology in the Philippines

    Abstract: This paper presents an account of the initial developments towards an LGBT psychology in the Philippines. We situate this on critical events leading to: (1) an official policy by the Psychological Association of the Philippines (PAP) against anti-LGBT discrimination in 2011, the first in south-east Asia; and (2) the institutionalisation in 2014 of the PAP's LGBT Psychology Special ...

  14. (PDF) Exploring challenges and problems faced by lgbt students in

    Bata at Bahaghari: Experiences of LGBT Children in the Philippines, 2017. The goal of this paper is to discuss points of interest documented during "Bata at Bahaghari: Children's Workshop on the Rights of LGBT Children", a workshop conducted on 20 to 21 April 2016 by ASEAN SOGIE Caucus in cooperation with the Civil Society Coalition on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CSCCRC ...

  15. Queering Sexual Education in the Philippines: Policy and Program

    Joint Submission of the Civil Society of Organisations (CSOs) on the Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex and Queer (LGBTIQ) Persons in the Philippines (3rd Cycle, 2017) (pp ...

  16. Being LGBT in Asia: The Philippine Country Report

    December 4, 2015. Being LGBT in Asia: the Philippines Country Report provides an overview of LGBT rights in the Philippines including the effects of laws, policies, culture and social attitudes, and religion, based on research, consultation and the National LGBT Community Dialogue. This overview is followed by an examination of the Philippines ...

  17. Queer Identity and Gender-Related Rights in Post-Colonial Philippines

    This paper describes the Filipino queer identities in the past three decades and the struggle to attain equality in rights through legislative advocacy. The authors trace the development of Filipino queer identities from the pre-colonial period where non-binary genders were accepted if not revered, and argue that the ensuing colonial influences ...

  18. PDF Bata at Bahaghari: Experiences of Lgbt Children in The Philippines

    der identity, gender expression and sex characteristics (SOGIES. n envisions a SOGIESC-inclusive ASEAN community.EXPLANATORY NOTE:The goal of this paper is to discuss points of interest documented during "Bata at Bahaghari: Children's Workshop on the Rights of LGBT Children", a workshop conducted on 20 to 21 April 2016 by ASEAN SOGIE ...

  19. PDF Out of the Closet: The Role of Gay Men as Reflected in the Philippine

    in reshaping the current roles of gay men in the Philippines. Key Words: sociolinguistics; gender; gay study 1. INTRODUCTION Despite the Philippines being a predominantly Catholic nation, effeminacy did not disappear in Philippine society since the time of the Spaniards (Garcia, 2008). In fact, in the paper of

  20. Social Acceptability of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and

    LGBTQ, which stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer, is an umbrella term for a group of people composed of different gen-der identities and sexual orientations aside from the male-female norm. This particular minority social group experiences marginalization and social exclusion that traverse seven (7) the-

  21. (PDF) How Discrimination Happens Being LGBT and the experience of

    1.5 Organization of the Research Paper The first chapter of this paper introduces the background of the study, as well as the status of LGBT Filipinos in the Philippines. It presents the relevance of the research, the research objectives and research questions, as well as the scope and limit of the study.

  22. Health Care Access and Quality of Life of Community-Dwelling Senior

    The transition to an aging population is particularly noteworthy in low- and middle-income countries, where the number of senior citizens is expected to surge to nearly 2.1 billion by 2050 (Felex-Nobrega et al., 2021).Understanding quality of life (QOL) becomes imperative in this context, as it serves as an individual's subjective perception of their overall life situation (Rony et al., 2024).