what is the meaning of direct speech in arabic

Arabic parts of speech

En English, words are divided into parts of speech. Nouns, verbs, prepositions etcetera. Arabic has three parts of speech, and there are clear grammatical rules for each part. The three Arabic parts of speech are:

• ism Nouns, adjectives, names, pronouns.
• fi3l Verbs.
• Harf Letters, prepositions, particles.

ism noun, adjective, name, pronoun

Ism literally means name in Arabic.

The Arabic part of speech ism consists of nouns, adjectives, names and pronouns. These words can have number (singular, dual, plural), gender (masculine and feminine) and case (nominative, accusative and genitive). Words that describe people, such as professions , often come in all numbers, genders and cases. But not all words.

Plural of ism is 'asmaa' , and definite plural is al-'asmaa' . In Arabic grammar, you say that a word is min al-'asmaa' if it belongs to the part of speech ism .

Nouns can be adjectives and vice versa.

When I built this website, I chose to divide the words according to Swedish parts of speech. For example. I distinguished between nouns and adjectives. That was not a good idea. I discovered that many Arabic words can not be classified that easily.

An Arabic, a word can be both a noun and an adjective. If i write 'The beautiful song', the word beautiful functions as an adjective. If I write 'The Beautiful disappeared', the word beautiful functions as a noun. The same goes for English, still we say that beautiful is an adjective.

In Arabic syntax, we use the word na3t or Siffa to say that a word functions as an adjective. Both the words mean characteristic , which is suitable since adjectives are used to describe things.

The Arabic part of speech fi3l consists of all verbs. fi3l means action in Arabic. Very reasonable since verbs are actions with time aspect.

All verbs have tense (past tense and present tense) och mode (indicative, subjunctive, jussive and imperative). Verbs also have active voice and passive voice. Verbs are conjugated depending on the doer (gender and number).

Plural of fi3l is 'af3aal , and definite plural is al-'af3aal . In Arabic grammar, you say that a word is min al-'af3aal .

Harf letters, prepositions, particles

All words that are neither fi3l nor ism belong to the Arabic part of speech Harf . For example, the letters in the Arabic alphabet belong here. Harf actually means letter in Arabic.

Here are some example of word that belong to the part of speech Harf : Prepositions. Vocative particles such as yaa och 'ayy . The particle 'anna that means to . The conjunctions wa and fa that mean and . The particles maa , laa , lam and lam that negate verbs. The word 'inna and her sisters.

Words within the part of speech Harf are not conjugated. They do not have number, gender, case, tense or mode. Often you will recognize a Harf from its length, those words often only consists of a letter or two.

Plural of Harf is Huruuf , and definite plural is al-Huruuf . In Arabic grammar, you say that a word is min al-Huruuf . Maybe you wonder why I write Harf with a big H? That is because the letter H should have emphatic pronunciation.

I have heard someone say that a Harf does not carry any meaning in itself. It is only in the context of other words that a Harf has any meaning. That is quite reasonable. A verb (fi3l) can make up an entire sentence. For example, katabtu means I wrote . A noun (ism) also carry a lot of meaning in itself. Words like 'rose' or 'red' says a lot. But a preposition like 'on' or a letter like 'f' does not really mean anything. The meaning occurs together with other words.

Prepositions

While prepositions have their own part of speech in English, they are a subclass of the part of speech Harf in Arabic. Preposition is Harfu l-jarr in Arabic. That can be translated to genitive letter .

Read more about Arabic prepositions

Translation of parts of speech

Arabic for part of speech is qismu l-kalaam . The plural form is 'aqsaamu l-kalaam . You will find that term if you open the English Wikipedia page for 'part of speech', and then change language to Arabic. qismu l-kalaam literally means section of speech , which is very near the English term 'part of speech'.

We have now learned that there are three parts of speech in Arabic. And we know that part of speech is qismu l-kalaam in Arabic. It can also be expressed like this: The speech is divided into three parts.

Arabic Grammar and Parts of Speech

Arabic is a Semitic language based on tri-literal roots. It's the official language of 26 states and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations.

Arabic is also the language of Quran and we should understand that Quran is an Arabic phenomenon . The words and sentence constructions Allah chose to deliver the message is immaculate and prestine.

I think, Learning Basic Arabic Grammar rules should be the first step forward to any Muslim whose native tongue is not Arabic and I would further argue we all should learn Arabic grammar for understanding Quran to cherish its beauty.

Allah says in Quran,

ولقد يسرنا القرآن للذكر فهل من مدكر (Ref 54:17, 54:22 ,54:32, 54:40 ) And We have certainly made the Qur'an easy for remembrance, so is there any who will remember?

If Quran is made easy by Allah, so is the language of Quran. And so is its grammar.

There are many Arabic grammar courses available online and free of cost. Indo/Pak people may learn Arabic grammar in Urdu but I see a huge resource for people who know English and would like to learn Arabic grammar in English.

In this post, I would like to summarize basics of Arabic grammar for beginners. We will discuss parts of speech in Arabic grammar, verbs in Arabic grammar, nouns in Arabic grammar in simple English. These basic Arabic grammar rules will serve as the foundation for a beginner.

So, without further ado, lets begin and make the basics of Arabic grammar super easy ;) (إن شاء الله)

First things first,

How to begin learning Arabic Grammar?

Learning any language begins with learning its alphabets then words and then we make sentence. Similarly, Learning Arabic language can be broadly classified into 3 broad categories,

Ilm ul Aswat (علم الأصوات)

Sarf (الصرف), nahw (النحو).

This is the first level of studying Arabic language in which we study letters e.g. ي،د،ح etc. We learn,

• How to pronounce letters.
• Understand point of articulation of letters i.e. Makhraj (مخرج)
• Understand characteristics of letters i.e. Sifat (صفات)

A part of this ilm comes under study of Tajweed.

This is the second level where we study the whole word (كَلِمَة) e.g. زيد, يدخل, ثُمّ. We study the rules related to a word e.g.

And so on ...

This is the third level in which we study the entire sentence i.e. Jumla (الجُمل) OR Kalam (الكلام). One fine point is in النحو, We study كَلِمَة in الجُملة, Not كَلِمَة by itself.

Before moving forward to parts of speech . I would love to quickly discuss,

Definition of Kalam (الكلام) تعريف الكلام عند النحوين

In Simplest definition, Kalam is

اللفظ المفيد

Meaning Useful expression , And by Useful we meant when we finish our talking (i.e. الكلام) the listener is not waiting for anything else. Example:

• جاء زيد إلى البيت (Zaid came to the House) is a full statement (اللفظ المفيد)
• ... إن جاء زيد إلى البيت (If Zaid came home ...) is Not full statement (اللفظ غيرُ المفيد) because the listener is waiting for the rest of the sentence.

That's enough covering the generalities, let's quickly begin the discussion for

Part of Speech in Arabic Grammar

أقسام الكلام

There are 3 parts of Speech in Arabic Grammar. Every word that we read/speak will fall into following 3 categories,

Fa'il (فعل)

Ism in Arabic Grammar can be compared to nouns in English language (Caveat: I want to keep it simple ) e.g. زيد ,فاطمة ,كتاب etc. To identify اسم from an Arabic sentence there are few signs, which we will discuss now.

Signs of Ism (علاماتُ الاسم) There are multiple signs of a word being Ism. But here we will discuss 4 of them which are as follows,

If we find ال on any word then that word is Ism e.g. الحمد لله (All praise and gratitute belongs to Allah)

If we find tanween on a word then that word is Ism e.g. جاء زيدٌ (Zaid Came)

If we find Harf Jar (Oops I've used Harf without defining it, be patient we will learn about it soon إن شاء الله) before any word then that word is Ism e.g. من البيتِ (from house). Here, house is Ism as it is followed by Harf Jar (من)

دخول حرف الجر على الكلمة

If a word is مجرور (Majroor) then it is Ism. A word can be مجرور without even having Harf Jar before it for e.g. كتابُ اللهِ (Book of Allah) where كتابُ is Mudhaf ilaihi (مضاف اليه) so is مجرور. OR من البيتِ البعيدِ (From far house) where البعيدِ is Sifa (صفة) of البيتِ and is مجرور.

Fa'il in Arabic grammar can be compared to verbs in English language e.g. كتب ,يذهب ,اخرج

Signs of Fa'il (علامات الفعل) There are multiple signs of a word being Fa'il. But here we will discuss 4 of them which are as follows

دخول السين أو سوف

دخول تاء المتكلم

Above signs identify فعل ماض and فعل مضارع, but we have Fa'il Amr (فعل الأمر) also in Arabic language. فعل الأمر must have following two characteristics,

أن يدل على الأمر

أن يكون مشتقاً من فعل أو أن يقبل ياء المخاطبة

NOTE: We have added second condition because there are certain الأمر in Arabic language which are not derived from فعل Or which doesn't accept ياء المخاطبة.

Example: حيَّ على الصلاة (Come to prayer) here حيَّ is not فعل الأمر but it is اسم فعل .

Harf in Arabic grammar can be compared to prepositions in English language e.g. ... من إلى عن على.

Signs of Harf (علامة الحرف) There are No Signs for Harf

ليس له علامة

People might say, "Why there is no sign for Harf." My Response : See, At times no Sign is a sign in itself. (I copied my teacher ;)

Lemme explain, ج : This letter has a sign in middle, implying it is Geem. خ : This letter has a sign on top, implying it is Kha. ح : This letter has NO Sign , implying it is Haa.

See How amazing ;)

Same thing is with Harf. If we do't see علاماتُ الاسم and علامات الفعل on a word, then this is the sign that it is actually Harf

حرف is further divided into 2 categories

حرف مبنى (Harf Mabna)

• These are simply Arabic alphabets e.g. ... أ – ب – ت – ث –ج –ح, we call them حروف الهجاء
• They are called مبنى because we make words from these حرف

حرف معنى (Harf Ma'na)

• معنى implies these حرف have meanings e.g. ... من (from) ,إلى (towards) , ك (similar to) ,لِ (for)

There is another category in which Harf is divided into two,

مُخْتَصّ (Mukhtas)

• Ism(s) e.g. في in في البيت
• Fa'il e.g. لم in لم أذهب
• Harf مختص usually ( NOT ALWAYS ) affects the word after it e.g. في made البيت in Jar etc.

غير مُخْتَصّ (Gairu Mukhtas)

• هل محمد هنا؟ (Usage with Ism)
• هل جاء محمد؟

الحمد لله people I feel I've covered enough details for beginners. And would like to conclude my article on Parts of Speech in Arabic Grammar.

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Direct and Indirect Objects in Arabic Posted by aziza on Jul 27, 2010 in Grammar

In Arabic, just like English some verbs take two objects; in English they are called direct and indirect objects, while in Arabic they are called first and second objects (مفعول به أول) and (مفعول به ثانٍ).

Some of the verbs that take two objects are: (أعطى) ‘to give”, (أهدى) ‘to present’, (ظن) ‘to think’, etc. Consider the following examples:

أعطى الأستاذ الطلاب امتحاناً .

“The teacher gave the students an exam.”

أهدى الولد صديقه قلماً .

“The boy prented to his friend a pen.”

ظن التلاميذ الامتحان صعباً .

“The pupils thought that the exam was a hard one.”

Many form II verbs () take two objects, especially if form I of the same root is

 transitive, then form II becomes doubly transitive, e.g. (درس) ‘studied’, and (درّس) is ‘taught’.

درس الطالب الكتاب .

“The student studied the book.”

درّس الأستاذ الطالب الكتاب .

“The teacher taught the student the book.”

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Ultimate Arabic

Taking your Arabic studies higher

What is speech?

February 8, 2016 by ultimatearabic 13 Comments

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله

We’re going to dive into what is actually considered “speech” in Arabic.  To start with, the definition in Arabic is:

الكَلامُ هُوَ اللَفْظُ المُرَكَّبُ المُفِيْدُ بِالوَضْعِ

كَلام (speech) is beneficial (مُفِيد), composite (مُرَكَّب) utterance (لَفْط), upon established rules (بالوضع).

The word كلام (kalaam) has two meanings, one in the the language, and one used in the science of grammar.  

• The linguistic كلام is whatever you get a benefit from because of it, whether it is an utterance or not (e.g. writing, drawing or pointing).
• It must be an utterance
• It must be composite
• It must be beneficial
• It must be set in the Arab way

“It must be an utterance”

It must be a sound that contains some of the alphabetical letters (ا through ي).  Some examples are أحمد, يكتب, and سعيد.  Each of these, when pronounced is a sound that contains four letters from the alphabet.   Pointing, for example, is not called كلام by the grammarians because it doesn’t have sound, even if it called speech by the linguistic scholars because of the benefit attained by it,

“It must be composite”

It must be composed of two words or more.  For example:

محمّد مُسافِرٌ – Muhammad is a traveler

العِلمُ نافِعٌ – Knowledge benefits

يَبلُغُ المُجتَهِد المَجدَ – The striver attains glory

لِكُلِّ مُجتَهِدٍ َنِصيبٌ – Every striver has a dividend

العِلمُ خَيرُ ما تَسعَى إلَيهِ – Knowledge is the best  that you pursue

Each of these expressions is called “speech”, and each of them is composed of two or more words, as a single word is not called “speech” by the grammarians unless something else comes with it.  This “something else” can be actual as in the previous examples. It can also be implied, as when someone says to you “Who is your brother?” and you say “Muhammad”.  Then, this single word is considered as “speech” because the implication is “مُحَمَّدٌ أخِيْ” (Muhammad is my brother), as it is by implication three words.

“It must be beneficial”

It is appropriate for the speaker to pause such that the listener is not waiting for something else.  If you were to say “إذا حَضَرَ الأُسْتاذُ” (“When the teacher comes…”), then this is not called speech, even if it was composed of three words because the listener is waiting for what you say after it (i.e. he’s thinking “What will happen when the teacher comes?”).  If you were to say “إذا حَضَرَ الأُسْتاذُ أنْصَتَ التَلامِيْذُ” (“When the teacher comes, the students listen”), it becomes speech through attaining the full benefit.

“It must be set in the Arab way”

The words that are included in the speech are from the utterances that the Arabs have set for a specific meaning.  For example, حَضَرَ is a word that the Arabs have set for a meaning (the occurrence of presence in the past tense).  The Arabs have set the word مُحَمَّدٌ for a meaning, which is the entity of the person who named by this name.  If you say “حَضَرَ مُحَمَّدٌ” (“Muhammad came”), it includes two words, each of which is from what the Arabs have set down.  On the contrary, if you speak with speech from what the non-Arabs have put down, such as Persian, Turkish, Berber or a European language, then it is not called “speech” in the custom of the scholars of Arabic, even if the people of other languages call it that.

Examples of speech that fulfills all 4 of the conditions above

الجَوُّ صَحوٌ – The weather is clear

البُستانُ مُثمِرٌ – The garden bears fruit

الهِلالُ ساطِعٌ – The crescent is shining

السَّماءُ صافِيَةٌ – The sky is clear

يُضِيءُ القَمَرُ لَيلاً – The moon lights up at night

يَنْجَحُ المُجْتَهِدُ – The one who strives will succeed

لا يُفْلِحُ الكَسُولُ – The lazy person will not be successful

لا إلَهَ إلا الله – There is no deity (worthy of worship) except Allah

مُحَمَّدٌ صَفْوَةُ المُرْسَلِينَ – Muhammad(S) is the elite of those sent

الله رَبُّنا – Allah is our Master

مُحَمّد نَبِيُّنا – Muhammad(S) is our prophet

Examples of single words

مُحَمّدٌ – Muhammad

إبراهِيمُ – Ibrahim

قامَ – He stood

مِنْ – from/of

Examples of speech that has more than 1 word but does not give a complete meaning

مَدِينَةُ الإسْكَنْدَرِيُّة – The city of Alexandria (What about it??)

عَبْدُ اللهِ – The slave of Allah

حَضرَمَوتُ – Hadramaut

لَو أَنْصَفَ الناسُ – If the people were fair…

إذا جاءَ الشِتاءُ – When the winter comes… (What will happen when it comes??)

مَهْما أَخْفي المرائي – No matter how much the hypocrite hides…

أن طَلَعَتِ الشَمسُ – That the sun rises…

Questions to review

• What is كلام (speech)?
• What does it mean that it be an “utterance”?
• What does it mean that it be “beneficial”?
• What does it mean that it be “composite”?
• What does it mean that it be set down in the Arab way?
• Bring 5 examples that the grammarians would call “speech”

…. and you’ve just completed a lesson in Arabic studies. Maybe you saw some Arabic words that made you feel uncomfortable, but that’s okay.  Things will become clearer in the next lessons إن شاء الله.

Until next time, السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

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Reader Interactions

May 7, 2017 at 4:05 am

Very useful. Especially the new words that i haven’t come across. Clear explanation. I look forward to reviewing your other lessons. Jazkaallah khair for this resource.

May 8, 2017 at 7:52 am

Wa iyaakum fa Jazakumullahu khayran for your kind words! Keep us in your duas that we are able to complete this and all the other amazing stuff that’s lined up إن شاء الله.

June 1, 2017 at 5:33 am

Salam alaikum, I’m so happy to have found this. Great explanation, very clear and very beneficial. Jazakallahu Khairan for these lessons. I can’t wait to learn.

June 2, 2017 at 6:14 am

Wa alaykum as salaam,

And we in turn are happy to hear that you found it beneficial. To get new posts straight to your inbox, you can sign up for the newsletter using the form (to the side or bottom of every post) in shaa Allah. Also, please share with others and you will get easy rewards for everyone who benefits from that (multiplied in Ramadan, too).

جزاكم الله خيرا

October 17, 2017 at 10:30 pm

Salam alaikum, Great stuff. I learned a lot from your explanation. One question.. under the section Examples of single words you have قام (he stood). Isn’t that a complete sentence because to me that phrase fulfils all 4 conditions.

Jazakallah khairan

February 7, 2018 at 5:58 pm

Wa alaykum as salaam Pauzi,

Sorry for the delayed response. Technically, the word قام (“He stood”) IS a جملة (sentence), but by itself it’s not considered مُفِيْدَة (beneficial) because we don’t know who “he” is without a context.

If I were to come to you and say “He stood”, you’d say “Who stood?” because you wouldn’t know who I was talking about. Similarly, if someone started speaking to you and said قام, you’d ask “مَنْ قامَ” (“Who stood?”) because you don’t know who the doer in the verb (هُوَ) refers to yet.

Now, if I were to point to someone while talking to you, you’d know who is meant by he/هُوَ and my speech would be beneficial (i.e. you’re not waiting for me to tell you anything else after that)

Hope that helps

– Mustafa

February 22, 2018 at 6:01 pm

As salaamu alaikum, May Allah reward you for your efforts akhee. Just a point of observation. Check the sentence يَنْجَحُ المُجْتَهِدٌ It’s most likely a typo, but of course tanween and alif laam can’t coexist in the same word. Baarakallahu feekum.

February 26, 2018 at 6:48 pm

وعليم السلام ورحمة الله يا أبا عمر,

Jazaakumullah khayran for bringing it to our attention. We have fixed it.

بارك الله فيك, – مصطفى

March 27, 2019 at 7:02 am

السَماءُ صافِيَةٌ, If I’m not mistaken, the sin is missing the ّ shadda.

January 30, 2020 at 12:23 pm

I think you made things very clear. I really appreciate it. JajhakAllaah!

May 26, 2020 at 2:52 am

Thanks for teaching Arabic in simple way.

September 27, 2021 at 11:53 pm

Asalamualaikum I bought your ebook but I like to have hard copy. Is it possible to buy hard copy of this book. If Yes, plz let me know how? Thanks

October 2, 2021 at 7:31 am

Wa alaykum as salaam.

It is available for purchase at: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1087439868 . If you end up buying it, a please leave a review so that others will benefit from it إن شاء الله Jazakumullahu khayran

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Arabic Adverbs

Some Accusatives (المفعولات الخمسة) – a tutorial about Arabic adverbs and adverbial phrases as well as direct objects

Table of Contents

Direct Object: المفعول به

Definition & how to recognize it.

A direct object is that thing upon which an action is enacted . For example, when Zaid hits Amr, Zaid is the one doing the hitting and Amr is the one upon whom the hitting is done. Thus Amr is the object.

The following things can become direct objects:

·          a single noun, whether declinable or indeclinable

·          many types of phrases (but not all; e.g. not جار-مجرور directly)

·          a sentence (but it must be introduced by أنّ , for example)

And the entities that can have direct objects are:

·          verbs

·          gerunds

·          active participles

·          active participles on the exaggeration patterns

·          passive participles (exercise: how?)

The entities that can have direct objects may have one, two or three of them. In the following example, there is one object and it is a sentence introduced by انّ :

In the following, there are two objects, one of which is a phrase:

And in the following there are three objects, all of which are single nouns:

Position in the Sentence

1.        The standard position for the direct object is after both the verb and its subject.

2.        It’s not always grammatically possible, but the object can usually be brought before the verb. This has a rhetorical effect; it emphasizes the object in one of many ways. Compare the following examples to see in what ways the object is being emphasized:

3.        The third and final major position that the object can occupy (if possible) is between the verb and its subject. This is for rhetorical effect. But the effect is not on the object; the subject is what’s being emphasized by virtue of being brought last. It keeps the reader in suspense as to who enacted the verb and thus draws attention to it.

A direct object may be dropped if the grammar and the meaning allow it. If this is the case, it is often considered more eloquent to drop since concise speech is eloquent speech. For example:

The object’s governor (e.g. the verb) also has the capacity to drop if there is something to indicate on its implicit presence. For example, when someone asks “Whom did Zaid hit,” the answer will simply be “Amr.”

Cognate Adverb: المفعول المطلق

A cognate adverb is a gerund with a meaning very similar to a mentioned action . For example:

Cognate adverbs don’t have to be from the same root as the mentioned action but must have a similar meaning, as the above example illustrates. And they can be in one of the following forms:

·          gerunds on their own, often indefinite

·          gerunds in certain phrases ( اضافة , صفة , etc). For example:

And the following entities are capable of governing these adverbs:

·          gerunds (can you think of an example?)

·          passive participles

This Arabic adverb is used for one of three purposes

·          to explain the manner in which the action takes place. For example:

·          to provide the multitude in which the action takes place. For example:

·          to place emphasis on the action. For example:

The emphasis expressed through cognate adverbs is usually one of the most intense forms. For example, saying

استفدت استفادة

is more emphatic than saying any of the following

استفدت كثيرا استفدت إلى حد كبير …

The cognate adverb must lexically follow its governor. How far it is from the governor is another matter; the following examples illustrate some positions:

ضربت ضربة واحدة وإذا دكت الأرض دكا دكا يحتفل الطلاب الجامعيون مع زملاءهم في بداية الربيع احتفالا يسمى “سبرنج بريك”

In general, we can say that if we want to extensively qualify the cognate adverb with adjectives/etc, it should be delayed.

It doesn’t make sense to drop cognate adverbs (without leaving a trace).

But their governing words are often dropped (provided the purpose of the adverb is not emphasis). In fact, sometimes the grammar necessitates this. Other times, not only is the governing word dropped, but the cognate adverb is dropped as well, leaving an adjective behind to compensate for it.

For example, when someone asks

an adequate response would be

Locative Adverb: المفعول فيه

The locative adverb gives the time or place of occurrence for an action . This adverb, however, cannot be used to give the place of action if such a place has well-defined, physical limits. The following sentences, for example, contain valid locative adverbs:

The following sentence, however, does not contain a locative adverb; the place of action must be indicated using a particle since its borders are physically well-defined:

The following things have the capacity to be locative adverbs

·          single nouns

·          many phrases like اضافة and صفة

And the following entities can govern these Arabic adverbs

It doesn’t make sense to drop locative adverbs; either they’re intended or not.

Their governing words may, however, be omitted. In fact this omission is often mandatory as in the following sentences:

Causative Adverb: المفعول له

The causative adverb gives the reason for which an action came to be . An example follows:

The following things have the capacity to be causative adverbs

·          gerunds, almost always indefinite

·          sometimes, gerunds in phrases such as اضافة or صفة

And the following entities have the capacity to govern these adverbs

Like cognate adverbs, these adverbs must follow their governing word. How close they are to that word is a different matter, but typically they follow closely.

It doesn’t make sense to drop these adverbs; either they’re intended or not. Neither are their governing words usually dropped, but a few rare situations include the following:

When someone asks

لماذا ضربت ابنك؟

one may answer

The Adverb of Accompaniment: المفعول معه

This adverb is simply defined as that which follows the واو in the meaning of مع . It exists in the language to be used when normal conjunction is impermissible or non-preferable. If normal conjunction is impermissible, this adverb must be used instead. If conjunction is permissible but disliked, then this adverb should be used. And finally, if conjunction is permissible and preferable, this adverb should not be used. (Notice that, whether appropriate or not, this adverb can always be used, theoretically speaking.)

For example, conjunction in the following sentence is not permissible, thus this adverbial structure must be used:

In the following, conjunction can be used (according to many grammarians), but it is disliked and so this adverb will be used:

And finally in the following sentence, conjunction can be used and it should be used:

This adverb itself can be one of the following things

·          a single noun

·          a phrase like اضافة and صفة

·          sometimes, even a sentence (introduced by أنّ , for example)

And the following entities can govern it

This adverb must follow its governing word and the thing to which it is conjoined. It typically follows these two things very closely.

Omitting this adverb does not make sense; it is either intended or not. As for dropping its governing word, this phenomenon has a very limited application.

Adverb Cache

The following are a few commonly occurring nouns/phrases/sentences that fall into one of the five مفاعيل along with a brief explanation of their structure.

• Proceed to the next lesson: Circumstantial Adverb
• Go to the home page: Learn Arabic Online

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Indirect Speech in Arabic Grammar

Understanding Indirect Speech in Arabic Grammar

Indirect speech is a crucial aspect of Arabic grammar , often used in everyday spoken and written language. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the core principles and nuances of indirect speech in Arabic , leaving readers equipped with an enhanced understanding of the topic.

Key Concepts of Indirect Speech

When to Use Indirect Speech: Indirect speech is frequently employed to relay or report someone’s spoken words, ideas, or thoughts without quoting them directly. Such verbal distancing is particularly suitable in various situations, such as conveying historical statements, expressing secondhand information, and presenting emotional reactions.

Structure of Indirect Speech: Typically, the structure of indirect speech in Arabic grammar involves making some changes to the original statement, like converting the tense, altering pronouns, or adjusting adverbs.

Distinguishing Direct and Indirect Speech

While both direct and indirect speech have their rightful place in the Arabic language, it is essential to grasp the difference between these two linguistic approaches.

Direct Speech: Renders an exact quotation of someone’s words, often marked using quotation marks. Example: أمي قالت: “أنا سعيدة جدا” (My mother said, “I am very happy.”)

Indirect Speech: Shares what someone said without directly quoting their words, necessitating potential alterations to the statement’s grammar. Example: أمي قالت إنها سعيدة جدا (My mother said she was very happy.)

Changing Tenses in Indirect Speech

An integral component of Arabic grammar in indirect speech is converting tenses. The shift typically moves a sentence to the past tense to emphasize that the original statement was made at an earlier time.

Present Tense to Past Tense: The most common adjustment is changing the present tense verb to the past simple. Example: يقولون إنهم يريدون أن يدرسوا (They say they want to study) becomes قالوا إنهم أرادوا أن يدرسوا (They said they wanted to study).

Rules and Exceptions: When transforming tenses, certain rules and exceptions apply to maintain grammatical accuracy, such as modifying the verb السَّ to لَسَ.

Altering Pronouns and Adverbs in Indirect Speech

Modifying pronouns and adverbs is another critical element for accurately conveying indirect speech in Arabic grammar .

Changing Pronouns: The original pronouns involved in direct speech may need to be adjusted according to the context of the new sentence. Example: قالت: “أنا لا أفهم” (She said, “I don’t understand”) becomes قالت إنها لا تفهم (She said she didn’t understand).

Adjusting Adverbs: The original adverbs used in direct speech might also require alterations while reporting in indirect speech. Example: قال: “سأفعل ذلك الآن” (He said, “I will do it now”) becomes قال سيفعل ذلك ذلك الحين (He said he would do it then).

The ability to effectively utilize indirect speech is indispensable for mastering Arabic grammar . By understanding the key concepts, distinguishing direct and indirect speech, adapting tenses, and altering pronouns and adverbs, you will be well-equipped to integrate this crucial grammatical feature into your Arabic repertoire. Immerse yourself in Arabic conversations and texts, reinforcing these indirect speech skills to enhance your fluency and foster a more authentic Arabic language experience.

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Indirect speech in Arabic Rhetoric: the figure of ‘indirect intimation’, ta‘rîd

2007, in : van Eemeren, Frans, H., Blair, Anthony J., Willard, Charles A. & Garssen, Bart, eds, Proceedings of the Sixth Conference if the Internaional Society for the Study of Argumentation, Amsterdam : SicSat, 2007 (vol. 1)

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Direct and Indirect Speech: Useful Rules and Examples

Are you having trouble understanding the difference between direct and indirect speech? Direct speech is when you quote someone’s exact words, while indirect speech is when you report what someone said without using their exact words. This can be a tricky concept to grasp, but with a little practice, you’ll be able to use both forms of speech with ease.

Direct and Indirect Speech

When someone speaks, we can report what they said in two ways: direct speech and indirect speech. Direct speech is when we quote the exact words that were spoken, while indirect speech is when we report what was said without using the speaker’s exact words. Here’s an example:

Direct speech: “I love pizza,” said John. Indirect speech: John said that he loved pizza.

Using direct speech can make your writing more engaging and can help to convey the speaker’s tone and emotion. However, indirect speech can be useful when you want to summarize what someone said or when you don’t have the exact words that were spoken.

To change direct speech to indirect speech, you need to follow some rules. Firstly, you need to change the tense of the verb in the reported speech to match the tense of the reporting verb. Secondly, you need to change the pronouns and adverbs in the reported speech to match the new speaker. Here’s an example:

Direct speech: “I will go to the park,” said Sarah. Indirect speech: Sarah said that she would go to the park.

It’s important to note that when you use indirect speech, you need to use reporting verbs such as “said,” “told,” or “asked” to indicate who is speaking. Here’s an example:

Direct speech: “What time is it?” asked Tom. Indirect speech: Tom asked what time it was.

In summary, understanding direct and indirect speech is crucial for effective communication and writing. Direct speech can be used to convey the speaker’s tone and emotion, while indirect speech can be useful when summarizing what someone said. By following the rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech, you can accurately report what was said while maintaining clarity and readability in your writing.

Differences between Direct and Indirect Speech

When it comes to reporting speech, there are two ways to go about it: direct and indirect speech. Direct speech is when you report someone’s exact words, while indirect speech is when you report what someone said without using their exact words. Here are some of the key differences between direct and indirect speech:

Change of Pronouns

In direct speech, the pronouns used are those of the original speaker. However, in indirect speech, the pronouns have to be changed to reflect the perspective of the reporter. For example:

• Direct speech: “I am going to the store,” said John.
• Indirect speech: John said he was going to the store.

In the above example, the pronoun “I” changes to “he” in indirect speech.

Change of Tenses

Another major difference between direct and indirect speech is the change of tenses. In direct speech, the verb tense used is the same as that used by the original speaker. However, in indirect speech, the verb tense may change depending on the context. For example:

• Direct speech: “I am studying for my exams,” said Sarah.
• Indirect speech: Sarah said she was studying for her exams.

In the above example, the present continuous tense “am studying” changes to the past continuous tense “was studying” in indirect speech.

Change of Time and Place References

When reporting indirect speech, the time and place references may also change. For example:

• Direct speech: “I will meet you at the park tomorrow,” said Tom.
• Indirect speech: Tom said he would meet you at the park the next day.

In the above example, “tomorrow” changes to “the next day” in indirect speech.

Overall, it is important to understand the differences between direct and indirect speech to report speech accurately and effectively. By following the rules of direct and indirect speech, you can convey the intended message of the original speaker.

Converting Direct Speech Into Indirect Speech

When you need to report what someone said in your own words, you can use indirect speech. To convert direct speech into indirect speech, you need to follow a few rules.

Step 1: Remove the Quotation Marks

The first step is to remove the quotation marks that enclose the relayed text. This is because indirect speech does not use the exact words of the speaker.

Step 2: Use a Reporting Verb and a Linker

To indicate that you are reporting what someone said, you need to use a reporting verb such as “said,” “asked,” “told,” or “exclaimed.” You also need to use a linker such as “that” or “whether” to connect the reporting verb to the reported speech.

For example:

• Direct speech: “I love ice cream,” said Mary.
• Indirect speech: Mary said that she loved ice cream.

Step 3: Change the Tense of the Verb

When you use indirect speech, you need to change the tense of the verb in the reported speech to match the tense of the reporting verb.

• Indirect speech: John said that he was going to the store.

Step 4: Change the Pronouns

You also need to change the pronouns in the reported speech to match the subject of the reporting verb.

• Direct speech: “Are you busy now?” Tina asked me.
• Indirect speech: Tina asked whether I was busy then.

By following these rules, you can convert direct speech into indirect speech and report what someone said in your own words.

Converting Indirect Speech Into Direct Speech

Converting indirect speech into direct speech involves changing the reported speech to its original form as spoken by the speaker. Here are the steps to follow when converting indirect speech into direct speech:

• Identify the reporting verb: The first step is to identify the reporting verb used in the indirect speech. This will help you determine the tense of the direct speech.
• Change the pronouns: The next step is to change the pronouns in the indirect speech to match the person speaking in the direct speech. For example, if the indirect speech is “She said that she was going to the store,” the direct speech would be “I am going to the store,” if you are the person speaking.
• Change the tense: Change the tense of the verbs in the indirect speech to match the tense of the direct speech. For example, if the indirect speech is “He said that he would visit tomorrow,” the direct speech would be “He says he will visit tomorrow.”
• Remove the reporting verb and conjunction: In direct speech, there is no need for a reporting verb or conjunction. Simply remove them from the indirect speech to get the direct speech.

Here is an example to illustrate the process:

Indirect Speech: John said that he was tired and wanted to go home.

Direct Speech: “I am tired and want to go home,” John said.

By following these steps, you can easily convert indirect speech into direct speech.

Examples of Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and indirect speech are two ways to report what someone has said. Direct speech reports the exact words spoken by a person, while indirect speech reports the meaning of what was said. Here are some examples of both types of speech:

Direct Speech Examples

Direct speech is used when you want to report the exact words spoken by someone. It is usually enclosed in quotation marks and is often used in dialogue.

• “I am going to the store,” said Sarah.
• “It’s a beautiful day,” exclaimed John.
• “Please turn off the lights,” Mom told me.
• “I will meet you at the library,” said Tom.
• “We are going to the beach tomorrow,” announced Mary.

Indirect Speech Examples

Indirect speech, also known as reported speech, is used to report what someone said without using their exact words. It is often used in news reports, academic writing, and in situations where you want to paraphrase what someone said.

Here are some examples of indirect speech:

• Sarah said that she was going to the store.
• John exclaimed that it was a beautiful day.
• Mom told me to turn off the lights.
• Tom said that he would meet me at the library.
• Mary announced that they were going to the beach tomorrow.

In indirect speech, the verb tense may change to reflect the time of the reported speech. For example, “I am going to the store” becomes “Sarah said that she was going to the store.” Additionally, the pronouns and possessive adjectives may also change to reflect the speaker and the person being spoken about.

Overall, both direct and indirect speech are important tools for reporting what someone has said. By using these techniques, you can accurately convey the meaning of what was said while also adding your own interpretation and analysis.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is direct and indirect speech?

Direct and indirect speech refer to the ways in which we communicate what someone has said. Direct speech involves repeating the exact words spoken, using quotation marks to indicate that you are quoting someone. Indirect speech, on the other hand, involves reporting what someone has said without using their exact words.

How do you convert direct speech to indirect speech?

To convert direct speech to indirect speech, you need to change the tense of the verbs, pronouns, and time expressions. You also need to introduce a reporting verb, such as “said,” “told,” or “asked.” For example, “I love ice cream,” said Mary (direct speech) can be converted to “Mary said that she loved ice cream” (indirect speech).

What is the difference between direct speech and indirect speech?

The main difference between direct speech and indirect speech is that direct speech uses the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports what someone has said without using their exact words. Direct speech is usually enclosed in quotation marks, while indirect speech is not.

What are some examples of direct and indirect speech?

Some examples of direct speech include “I am going to the store,” said John and “I love pizza,” exclaimed Sarah. Some examples of indirect speech include John said that he was going to the store and Sarah exclaimed that she loved pizza .

What are the rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech?

The rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech include changing the tense of the verbs, pronouns, and time expressions. You also need to introduce a reporting verb and use appropriate reporting verbs such as “said,” “told,” or “asked.”

What is a summary of direct and indirect speech?

Direct and indirect speech are two ways of reporting what someone has said. Direct speech involves repeating the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports what someone has said without using their exact words. To convert direct speech to indirect speech, you need to change the tense of the verbs, pronouns, and time expressions and introduce a reporting verb.

You might also like:

• List of Adjectives
• Predicate Adjective
• Superlative Adjectives

This website is AMNAZING

MY NAAMEE IS KISHU AND I WANTED TO TELL THERE ARE NO EXERCISES AVAILLABLEE BY YOUR WEBSITE PLEASE ADD THEM SSOON FOR OUR STUDENTS CONVIENCE IM A EIGHT GRADER LOVED YOUR EXPLABATIO

sure cries l miss my friend

he saiad,” we are all sinners”. convert into indirect speech

He said that they were all sinners.

• Cambridge Dictionary +Plus

Reported speech: direct speech

Direct speech is a representation of the actual words someone said. A direct speech report usually has a reporting verb in the past simple. The most common reporting verb is said . The reporting clause may come first or second.

The reporting clause may sometimes come in the middle of the reported clause, especially in literary styles:

“No,” she said , “I’ve never seen it before.”

‘Was it,’ he asked , ‘the first time you had spoken to Mrs Dalton?’

We can use adverbs with the reporting verb to describe the way someone said something. This is more common when the reporting clause comes second:

“I will not accept it!” he said angrily .

‘Can I speak to the doctor?’ she asked rather nervously .

Reported speech: punctuation

Reported speech: reporting and reported clauses

Direct speech: inversion of subject and reporting verb

In narratives, especially novels and short stories, when the reporting clause comes second, we often invert the subject (s) and reporting verb (v):

“Things have always been the same in this village,” [V] said [S] the old man .

‘Hold on! I’m coming!’ [V] cried [S] Maurice .

Direct speech: present simple and continuous reporting verbs

Informal narratives.

In informal conversation, we sometimes use the present simple in the reporting clause. This makes the direct speech more vivid and dramatic:

So then this guy says , “I’ve got something for you. Come over here.” And he picked up a box and he says , “Open that.”

We can make the direct speech even more vivid and dramatic by using the present continuous. This is very informal:

And he’s looking at me and he ’s asking , “Who are you?” and I said, “I’m your nephew” and he ’s mumbling , “I don’t know you. I’ve never seen you before in my life.”

In very informal conversation, people sometimes use says as a reporting verb for all persons ( I, you, she, he, we, they ):

She says , ‘What’s going on here?’ and I says , ‘Nothing. There’s nothing happening – everything’s okay.’

Many speakers consider the above examples to be incorrect. This applies especially to the use of says with all persons.

Newspaper headlines

We also use the present simple in newspaper headlines. This makes the reported words more dramatic:

‘I WON’T RESIGN,’ SAYS MINISTER

Say or tell ?

Word of the Day

nine to five

describing or relating to work that begins at nine o'clock in the morning and finishes at five, the hours worked in many offices from Monday to Friday

It’s as clear as mud! (Words and expressions that mean ‘difficult to understand’)

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• English Grammar
• Direct Speech

What is Direct Speech? - Learn the Meaning, Definition, Rules and Usage with Examples

In English grammar , the term ‘speech’ refers to the process of communicating or expressing one’s thoughts. It is an exchange of ideas or even a conversation. There are two ways in which you can report speech – direct speech and indirect speech . Direct speech is used to report or rather repeat the words spoken by the speaker or writer in the way it is told by the speaker, whereas indirect speech is the way in which you convey what someone said to another person, not necessarily using the exact words of the speaker.

In this article, you will learn the meaning and definition of direct speech. Also, go through the rules to be followed when using the direct speech and the examples given to understand how to use them accurately.

Table of Contents

Definition of direct speech.

• Rules to Be Followed When Using Direct Speech

Tips to Practise Direct Speech

Examples of direct speech, test your understanding of direct speech, frequently asked questions on direct speech in english, what is direct speech.

Direct speech is a word-to-word repetition of what the speaker or writer has conveyed. In other words, it is a way in which you can report the exact words of the speaker. Direct speech can be used to convey something that is being said in the present or to tell someone about something that is to happen at a later point of time. Let us now take a look at how various dictionaries define direct speech to further understand what it is.

According to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, direct speech is defined as “a speaker’s actual words.” According to the Cambridge Dictionary, “when you use direct speech, you repeat what someone has said using exactly the words they used.” The Collins Dictionary defines direct speech as “speech which is reported by using the exact words that the speaker used” and according to the Macmillan Dictionary, direct speech is defined as “the exact words that someone has said.”

Rules to be Followed When Using Direct Speech

Like every other grammar topic, there are rules to be followed when using direct speech. Let us look at each one of them to know how direct speech can be used accurately and effectively.

• The first point that you have to remember is that direct speech is the repetition of the exact words of the speaker and so you do not have a choice to add or remove words to and from what is said.
• For the same reason, these words spoken by the speaker have to be enclosed within quotation marks or speech marks.
• When using direct speech, you can follow the formula given below.

• You can also use words like replied, asked, screamed, etc. to state what the speaker said according to the emotion in which it is being spoken.
• Immediately after one of the above-mentioned verbs , add a comma followed by open quotation marks, the words of the speaker (capitalise the first letter of the first word) followed by a period, question mark or exclamation mark and the close quotation marks.
• Also, make sure you close the quotation marks after the punctuation mark (full stop/question mark/exclamation mark).
• Finally, keep in mind that you cannot change the words, or paraphrase what has been said by the speaker when you are using direct speech.

You can become an expert in using direct speech if you practise well. Here are some ways you can do it.

• Try reading short stories and converting it into a dialogue. Change the lines of every character into direct speech.
• Write a story on your own. Use direct speech to convey all the dialogues.
• Narrate or write about an incident or a day in your life using direct speech.

Now that you know the rules to be followed, take a look at the following examples to have a better idea of how it is done.

• Devi said, “I am teaching French for first year and second year college students.”
• Freeda asked her brother, “Can you pick me up on your way home?”
• “My friends are finally coming home this weekend”, said Sheena.
• The students replied, “We are ready!”
• Gayatri siad, “My father has been working as a doctor for ten years. “
• “What are you going to do with the broken mirror?”, asked Mridula.
• Carol said, “I have planned to wear a grey dress for the prom.”
• The teacher says, “You have to make your submissions before 8 a.m. on Monday.”
• The little boy said excitedly, “That was wonderful!”
• Maduri said, sitting on the sofa, “I am really happy I finally took time to come see you.”

Rearrange the following sentences to form direct speech and punctuate them appropriately.

1. vishal / my / is / in / brother / participating / race / said / the / running

2. asked / i / devi / like / maths / problems / solving / free time/ your / in / do / you

3. friends / said / wearing / we / my / are / red / for / dresses / wedding / the / reception

4. responded / teacher / nobody / when / have / completed / the / you / project / many / of / how / asked / the

5. reach / says / tonight / bangalore / he / will / i

6. guest / the / danced / children / the / chief / said / beautifully

7. mom / Finn’s / they / all / said / singing / favourite / are / songs / his

8. Bellas / susan / are / the / said / live / performing / world / the / acapella / at / raiser / curtain

9. love / father / said / i / my / you

10. sing / asked / you / with / maria / her / me / will

Now, if you finished rearranging the sentences, check if you have done it correctly from the answers given below.

1. Vishal said, “My brother is participating in the running race.”

2. I asked Devi, “Do you like solving maths problems in your freetime?”

3. My friends said, “We are wearing red dresses for the wedding reception.”

4. Nobody responded when the teacher asked, “How many of you have completed the project?”

5. He says, “I will reach Bangalore tonight.”

6. The chief guest said, “The children danced beautifully.”

7. Finn’s mom said, “They are singing all his favourite songs.”

8. “The Bellas are performing live at the World Acapella Curtain Raiser”, said Susan.

9. My father said, “I love you.”

10. Maria asked, “Will you sing with me?”

What is direct speech?

Direct speech is a word-to-word repetition of what the speaker or writer has conveyed. In other words, it is the way in which you report the exact words of the speaker. Direct speech can be used to convey something that is being said in the present or to tell someone at a later point of time.

What is the definition of direct speech?

What is the formula of direct speech.

When using direct speech, you can follow the formula given below. Name of the speaker says/said, “Exact words of the speaker.”

How do you punctuate the sentence when using direct speech?

Immediately after the phrase mentioning who said the particular sentence, add a comma followed by open quotation marks, the words of the speaker (capitalise the first letter of the first word) followed by a period, question mark or exclamation mark and the close quotation marks.

Give some examples of direct speech.

Here are a few examples of direct speech that you can refer to.

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The Importance of 'Pragmatics' in Interpreting the Intent Speech in English and Arabic languages

• December 2020

• Amman Arab University

• Petra University

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• Zahra Pourmousavi

• Joan Cutting
• Miles Ogborn
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What is the translation of "indirect speech" in Arabic?

"indirect speech" in arabic, indirect speech {noun}.

• volume_up كَلام غَيْر مُباشِرٍ

Translations

Monolingual examples, english how to use "indirect speech" in a sentence.

• open_in_new Link to source
• warning Request revision

Similar translations

Similar translations for "indirect speech" in arabic.

• غَيْر مُباشِرٍ
• قُدْرة على الكَلامِ
• أُسْلوب كَلامٍ
• indigestible food
• indigestion
• indignation
• indirect accusation
• indirect lighting
• indirect object
• indirect speech
• indiscretion
• indiscriminate
• indiscriminate growth
• indiscriminately
• indispensability
• indispensable

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"direct speech" translation into Arabic Translation for 'direct speech' in the free English-Arabic dictionary and many other Arabic translations. Arabic Grammar Basics Basics of Arabic Grammar in simple English. Detailed explanation of 3 parts of speech in Arabic Grammar i.e. Ism, Fa'il and Harf. And how to differentiate between Ism, Fa'il and Harf. Google Translate Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Direct and Indirect Objects in Arabic Direct and Indirect Objects in Arabic Posted by aziza on Jul 27, 2010 in Grammar In Arabic, just like English some verbs take two objects; in English they are called direct and indirect objects, while in Arabic they are called first and second objects (مفعول به أول) and (مفعول به ثانٍ). What is speech? The words that are included in the speech are from the utterances that the Arabs have set for a specific meaning. For example, حَضَرَ is a word that the Arabs have set for a meaning (the occurrence of presence in the past tense). Arabic Adverbs: Types of Adverb in Arabic Adverbs in Arabic - a tutorial about Arabic adverbs and adverbial phrases as well as direct objects. Includes adverbs of time and adverbs of place. The Speech Act Theory in English and Arabic A direct speech act, as Quirk et al. (1985: p. 803) define it, is one where the structure matches the func - tion, that is, a declarative, an interrogative, an imperative, and an exclamative issue ... Indirect Speech in Arabic Grammar Understanding Indirect Speech in Arabic Grammar Indirect speech is a crucial aspect of Arabic grammar, often used in everyday spoken and written language. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the core principles and nuances of indirect speech in Arabic, leaving readers equipped with an enhanced understanding of the topic. PDF Direct Speech Act in Communication between Saudi Arabian Family Members This research article aims to explore the direct speech act as used in Arabic language and in particular in the Saudi Arabian family context where Najdi dialect is used. The article analyses spoken conversations as data gained, and then transcribed, from Saudi family interactions in a series uploaded on YouTube. The analysis focuses on three areas: direct request speech act, the cultural ... (PDF) Indirect speech in Arabic Rhetoric: the figure of 'indirect A first aspect of this definition lays in the fact that the two main figurative devices of indirect wording in Arabic rhetoric, kinâya and ta'rîd, share the meaning of 'avoiding [Dichy, Joseph (2007), « Indirect speech in Arabic Rhetoric: the figure of 'indirect intimation', », VIth ISSA Conference f6/13 mention' of something. The influence of English on Modern Standard Arabic speech reporting This paper traces the development of speech reporting styles across historical varieties of Arabic and seeks to explain aspects of such development. To this end, the study examines and compares speech reporting patterns in corpora representing Modern Standard Arabic and different stages of Pre-modern Arabic. PDF Pragmatics Analysis:Arabic Directive Imperative Speech Acts Used ... In light of this, it is important to conduct a study on the pragmatics of Arabic language, particularly the Arabic fusha used in Alquran, given the wealth of meaning embedded in it. An incorrect meaning interpretation of Alquranmay lead to incorrect implementations. For this reason, the current study attempts to look into the directive imperative speech acts of Arabic language used in Alquran. Direct and Indirect Speech: Useful Rules and Examples In summary, understanding direct and indirect speech is crucial for effective communication and writing. Direct speech can be used to convey the speaker's tone and emotion, while indirect speech can be useful when summarizing what someone said. By following the rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech, you can accurately report what was said while maintaining clarity and ... Reported speech: direct speech Reported speech: direct speech - English Grammar Today - a reference to written and spoken English grammar and usage - Cambridge Dictionary What is Direct Speech? Direct Speech: In this article, you will be introduced to direct speech, its meaning and definition. You will also learn the rules to be followed and how to use it correctly. Also, go through the examples for a much better understanding of the same. The Importance of 'Pragmatics' in Interpreting the Intent Speech in Furthermore, the study shows how encapsulated (implicit) meaning in many phenomena of pragmatics may fundamentally influence the nature and the quality of translation between Arabic, and English ... What is the translation of "indirect speech" in Arabic? Translation for 'indirect speech' in the free English-Arabic dictionary and many other Arabic translations. How to say direct in Arabic Here's a list of translations. Arabic Translation. مباشرة. mubashara. More Arabic words for direct. adjective مباشرة. mubashara direct. essay homework paper phd project resume review speech study thesis