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WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN INDIA: CURRENT ISSUES, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

2020, IAEME PUBLICATION

Women are significant contributors to the growing economy. Almost 50 percent of our population comprises of women. The growth rate for female literacy in the last decade has been 3 per cent higher than the growth rate for male literacy resulting in a decline in the absolute numbers of illiterate women—from 200.7 million in 1991 to 190 million in 2001. Gender differential in education, however, continues to be high at 21.7 per cent. This can be attributed to a number of factors—lack of access to schools, lack of the facilities of toilets and drinking water, etc. in the schools. Also, with increasing feminization of agriculture, the pressure of looking after younger siblings, collecting cooking fuel, water and maintaining the household, all fall upon the girl child, putting a stop to her education and development. Economic independence or economic selfreliance of women promotes women empowerment but poverty, poor health, discrimination against women and gender inequality, etc. limit the opportunities for women, which ultimately creates barriers for women empowerment. The empowerment of women is essential in view of the continuing discrimination against them at all fronts. For the first time in the history of Indian planning, an attempt has been made to move beyond empowerment and recognize women as agents of sustained socio-economic growth and change many ministries and departments have designed and launched a number of programmes and schemes to empower women. This article is an attempt to analyze the current issues and problems of women, as well as ways and means to achieve the empowerment of women.

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Today women play the leading role in developing the society. Society cannot be created without the active contribution of women. In India women do not use their rights and neither are considered independent to take any decision. In order to provide equal status in the society women need to be empowered.Women’s empowerment in India is heavily dependent on many different variables that includes geographical location (urban/rural), educational status, social status (caste and class), and age. Policies on women’s empowerment exist at the national, state, and local (Panchayat) levels in many sectors, including health, education, economic opportunities, gender-based violence, and political participation. However, there are significant gaps between policy formation and actual implementation at the community level. Women can be empowered only when they are literate and educated .Education is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom for development. Of Indian women today, the female literacy levels according to the Literacy Rate 2011 census has been 65.46% where the male literacy rate has been over 80%. Being literate or having only primary education is not enough to enhance productivity or to obtain better-paying jobs but it is essential for women to pursue the higher education.Even beyond literacy there is much that education can do for women’s rights, dignity and security. Therefore this research paper discusses the impact of literacy and education on empowerment of women as well as the suggestion to improve the changes that need to be considered for women empowerment and economic development.

The discriminated and exploited of women is seen all over the world. The empowerment is an aid to help women to achieve equality with men or, at least, to reduce gender gap considerably. Women play a very strategic role in the development of society in particular and development of economy in general. Woman is the leader planner of the family, the first trainer; supplier of labour power and by playing focal role in the development of agriculture, industry, service sector, socio-culture etc. creates a civilized society. Women contribute directly or indirectly for economic development. Though the nature has given the genetic power of reproduction especially to the women, the socio-economic status of women is so poor and the incidence of poverty is more on woman only. Empowering women is the only solution for all questions. Her potential hidden power is to be utilized for which, her status in the society must be improved and economically she should be strengthened. The poverty is the m...

Women empowerment involves the building up of a better society, it is essential to uplift the women status economically, socially and politically. This paper insights the initiative taken by the Indian government for women empowerment on various level local, panchayat, state and National. Moreover, study attempt to take part in the challenges faced in the implementation of the various government schemes. Study is purely based on the secondary sources of the data. Study finds that there is gender inequality in educational and employment, suggestion made to improve the literacy rate of girl child and reservation for female in employment.

India is the second highest populated country in the world. Approximately 49% of female population constitute the overall population of India. But when we compare the current status of Indian women with other countries of the world we find that the scene is not even satisfactory but the worst. Today, the female literacy level according to the census of India 2011 is 65.46% where the male literacy rate is over 80%. Indian women are generally encountered with the problems like illiteracy, domestic violence, lack of motivation and support and many more. It is very essential for the harmonious development of the country that women should go hand by hand and shoulder to shoulder with men. And for empowering the women, literacy level will play a vital role. Education helps the women to acquire their rights, dignity and security. Education is like the key to unlock the golden door of freedom for development. This paper highlights the needs of women empowerment, various national policies , constitutional provisions & special laws in support of women empowerment, different Govt. schemes for women empowerment and women educations status in India.

Women empowerment has become such a topic which has very frequently been used in the discussions not only among the intellectuals but also among the commoners. Women empowerment means to let women live their own life in a way they think appropriate on the basis of their conditions, family circumstances, qualities and capabilities of which they themselves are the best judges. On the other hand, equal status, opportunity and freedom to develop themselves and to ensure their participation in the process of decision making in all spheres including political, economic and social processes. It is moving from the position enforced powerlessness to one of power. Educational attainment and economic participation are the key factors in ensuring the improvement of women. Frankly speaking the concept of women empowerment is very complex in itself indeed very fuzzy also specially in the Indian context. In India we need to do a lot to achieve this in the reality. Present paper is an attempt to throw some light on it from various perspectives.

Empowerment means the upliftment of the groups or community socially, economically and politically through various means like political, economic, social and educational participation. In our country Gender equality is, first and foremost, a human right. A woman is entitled to live in dignity and in freedom from want and from fear. Empowering women is also an indispensable tool for advancing development and reducing poverty. Empowered women contribute to the health and productivity of whole families and communities and to improved prospects for the next generation. Gender gap exists regarding access to education and employment. Household decision making power and freedom of movement of women vary considerably with their age, education and employment status. It is found that acceptance of unequal gender norms by women are still prevailing in the society. The objectives of this research paper is to understand the problem and perspective of Women Empowerment, and attempt to analyze the status of women empowerment in India using various indicators like women's household decision making power, legal Policies for Women Empowerment, Role of Judiciary and also Awareness.

Women education guarantees better advancement of human progress, as well as to instruct after that era as well. Education is point of interest of women empowerment since it encourages them to react to the difficulties, to stand up to their standard appearance and upset their living. Women education in India has additionally been a noteworthy distraction of both the administration and common society as taught women can assume an essential part in the improvement of the nation. Education is point of reference of women empowerment since it empowers them to reacts to the difficulties, to go up against their conventional part and change their life. With the goal that we can\'t disregard the significance of education and development in reference to women empowerment India is ready to getting to be superpower, a created nation by 2020. The development of women’s education in country regions is moderate. This clearly implies still extensive womenfolk of our nation are uneducated, the powerless, in reverse and misused. Education of women in the perspective of training and development is the most effective apparatus of progress of position in the public eye.This paper looks at the issue of women’s access to education in India. Drawing on existing writing and different insights concerning women\'s education, the paper gives a diagram of the condition of education as for women and highlights a portion of the issues and obstructions to women\'s education. In view of an investigation of rising issues, a few proposals and recommendations are offered as far as grassroots level intercessions, key activities and empowering strategy system, towards enhancing women’s access to education.

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Introduction to Adolescence in India: Issues, Challenges, and Possibilities

• First Online: 09 March 2022

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The term ‘adolescence’ generates varied emotions, perception, and cognition within us. The fluidity of the adolescence phase of life highlights the role of socio-political-economic-cultural determinants influencing the developmental trajectories of adolescents. This affects significantly their development, health, and well-being. Given the huge demographic dividend of adolescents and young people in India and across the world, the key is to harness this potential resource to contribute actively towards their own development and progress as well as that of the society and nation. This requires that we not only discuss the issues, concerns, and challenges of adolescents but also the ways and possibilities for them to fulfil their potential, perform optimally, and thrive.

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Patra, S. (2022). Introduction to Adolescence in India: Issues, Challenges, and Possibilities. In: Patra, S. (eds) Adolescence in India. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9881-1_1

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20 socio-legal research topics India

20 socio-legal research topics India – India is a country with a complex and diverse social and legal landscape, and there are many research topics that could be explored at the intersection of these two areas. Here are 20 potential socio-legal research topics for India:

• Caste-based discrimination : Despite the abolition of untouchability and the caste system in India, discrimination based on caste continues to be a major issue. Research could explore the extent and nature of this discrimination and potential legal solutions.
• Access to justice: Many people in India, particularly those from marginalized communities, struggle to access justice due to factors such as cost, distance, and language barriers. Research could examine the barriers to access and potential solutions.
• Gender-based violenc e: Violence against women and girls is a major issue in India. Research could explore the legal and social factors that contribute to this violence and potential solutions.
• Child labor: Despite being illegal, child labor is still prevalent in many parts of India. Research could explore the social and legal factors that contribute to this issue and potential solutions.
• LGBTQ+ rights: LGBTQ+ individuals in India face legal and social discrimination. Research could examine the legal landscape and potential solutions for ensuring their rights are protected.
• 20 socio-legal related research topics India
• Environmental justice: India faces significant environmental challenges, with many communities disproportionately impacted. Research could examine the legal and social factors contributing to this and potential solutions.
• Mental health: Mental health is an often-overlooked issue in India, with significant social and legal implications. Research could explore the legal and social factors contributing to this and potential solutions.
• Access to education : Many children in India do not have access to quality education, which has significant social and legal implications. Research could examine the barriers to access and potential solutions.
• Disability rights: People with disabilities face significant legal and social barriers in India. Research could explore the legal landscape and potential solutions for ensuring their rights are protected.
• Religious freedom: India has a diverse religious landscape, but religious tensions and discrimination can be significant issues. Research could explore the legal and social factors contributing to this and potential solutions.
• Human trafficking: Human trafficking is a significant issue in India, with many women and children forced into sexual or labor exploitation. Research could examine the legal and social factors contributing to this and potential solutions.
• Access to healthcare: Many people in India do not have access to quality healthcare, which has significant social and legal implications. Research could explore the barriers to access and potential solutions.
• Elder abuse: Elder abuse is a growing issue in India, with many elderly individuals facing neglect, abuse, or financial exploitation. Research could explore the legal and social factors contributing to this and potential solutions.
• Police brutality: Police brutality is a significant issue in India, with many individuals from marginalized communities facing violence and abuse at the hands of the police. Research could examine the legal and social factors contributing to this and potential solutions.
• Right to privacy: T he right to privacy has become a significant issue in India in recent years, with concerns about government surveillance and data privacy. Research could explore the legal landscape and potential solutions.
• Mental health in the workplace: Mental health issues in the workplace can have significant social and legal implications. Research could examine the legal and social factors contributing to this and potential solutions.
• Maternal health : Maternal health is a significant issue in India, with high rates of maternal mortality and morbidity. Research could explore the legal and social factors contributing to this and potential solutions.
• Access to housing: Many people in India do not have access to adequate housing, which has significant social and legal implications.

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Volume 635 Issue 8037, 7 November 2024

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• Howard Y. Chang

Enhancing transcription–replication conflict targets ecDNA-positive cancers

Extrachromosomal DNA makes cancerous tumours resistant to treatment, but this research demonstrates that increasing transcription–replication conflict allows for targeted elimination of cancer cells containing extrachromosomal DNA, and thus sustained tumour regression in mice.

• Natasha E. Weiser

The interplay of mutagenesis and ecDNA shapes urothelial cancer evolution

Whole-genome sequencing of matched serial tumours from patients identifies two key mutagenic factors (APOBEC3 and chemotherapy) and extrachromosomal DNA-forming structural variants that drive treatment resistance in urothelial cancer.

• Duy D. Nguyen
• William F. Hooper
• Bishoy M. Faltas

Structural basis of archaeal FttA-dependent transcription termination

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the Thermococcus kodakarensis transcription pre-termination complex suggest a mechanism by which the archaeal termination factor FttA applies mechanical force to a transcription elongation complex to trigger termination, and reveal similarities in factor-dependent termination in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.

• Chengyuan Wang
• Richard H. Ebright

Structural basis of mRNA decay by the human exosome–ribosome supercomplex

The structure of a human exosome–ribosome supercomplex reveals the mechanisms behind the formation of active cytoplasmic exosomes and their role in co-translational RNA decay.

• Alexander Kögel
• Achim Keidel
• Elena Conti

Amendments & Corrections

Author correction: a physical wiring diagram for the human immune system.

• Jarrod Shilts
• Yannik Severin
• Gavin J. Wright

Author Correction: Global climate-change trends detected in indicators of ocean ecology

• Kelsey Bisson
• Stephanie Henson

Publisher Correction: Using both faces of polar semiconductor wafers for functional devices

• Len van Deurzen
• Eungkyun Kim
• Henryk Turski

Space Research

Satellite technology is revolutionizing how we see — and protect — the world.

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