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Step by step: Using the CEFR in the classroom

AI-generated illustration of CEFR levels

The CEFR’s central aim is to provide a method of learning, teaching and assessing that applies to all European languages. The framework makes evaluating language qualifications easier for educational institutions and employers.

By using clear, internationally recognised benchmarks , educators can help learners progress through language proficiency levels, ensuring they develop the skills to communicate effectively in real-world contexts. Aligning teaching and evaluation with the CEFR framework ensures that language instruction is systematic, transparent and effective.

The CEFR distinguishes four kinds of language activities: reception (listening and reading), production (spoken and written), interaction (spoken and written) and mediation (translating and interpreting). It divides language proficiency into six levels, grouped into three categories:

CEFR levels

  In 2020, the Council of Europe released an updated Companion Volume that presents the key aspects of the CEFR for teaching and learning in a user-friendly format, and contains the complete set of extended CEFR descriptors, which replace the original 2001 set. These include descriptors for mediation, online interaction, plurilingual/pluricultural competence and sign language competences. The illustrative descriptors have been adapted for sign languages and all descriptors are now gender-neutral.

Teaching along the CEFR pathways

Teachers can use the CEFR descriptors in everyday education, in a way that scales up to higher  levels and larger systems. The CEFR framework descriptors can be used to select and structure activities, explain objectives to learners and monitor student performance. For assessment, teachers can use standardised tests or create their own tests and exams based on the CEFR descriptors to measure proficiency in a standardised way.

The CEFR recommends an action-oriented approach that encourages pupil autonomy, with a synergy between collaborative work and personal reflective work.

The CEFR structure can be incorporated into language teaching at all levels to set clear objectives and ensure that the curriculum allows for a gradual increase in complexity. The framework emphasises interacting and communicating with real-world language capabilities, and prioritises integrated skills: teaching listening, speaking, reading and writing in a connected way.

Additional information

  • Education type: School Education
  • Target audience: Teacher Student Teacher Head Teacher / Principal Pedagogical Adviser Teacher Educator Researcher
  • Target audience ISCED: Primary education (ISCED 1) Lower secondary education (ISCED 2) Upper secondary education (ISCED 3)

School subjects

Key competences.

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Is AI the death of homework? Education in a new landscape

As the education system grapples with the impact of generative AI, experts say it’s about transformation, opportunity – and, of course, risk

Whether educators, parents and students are ready (or not) for generative artificial intelligence (AI), this fast-evolving technology is already reshaping learning methods and traditional approaches to education.

And its impact on one well-known aspect of education – homework – is a force all three will have to reckon with, but experts say it’s premature to declare the death of homework. Instead, it’s better to view this as a transformative moment of opportunity, akin to previous generations of students gaining access to calculators and then smartphones and Google in their pockets. “This is not bad – it’s just a different way of being right,” said Lynn Gribble , Associate Professor in the School of Management and Governance at UNSW Business School. “We need to move from ‘good’ and ‘bad’ to a different way of being.”

The integration of AI into education also comes with substantial risks and represents a paradigm shift that requires careful consideration and adaptation. While generative AI offers exciting possibilities, it also necessitates a re-evaluation of traditional homework and assessment methods, according to Jihyun Lee , a Professor in the School of Education at UNSW Arts, Design & Architecture.

“GenAI will continue to transform the concepts of learning process, learning outcomes, assessment of learning and homework,” she said. “The future of learning will be centred on process-oriented activities, documenting how students learn with and/or without AI.”

Lynn Gribble, Associate Professor in the School of Management and Governance at UNSW Business School.jpg

The key to making AI work for the education system will be recognising its risks, including significant equity and access concerns. Setting up guardrails is essential – as is redesigning how education, and homework in particular, interacts with technology to ensure students benefit from the presence of AI in their learning environments rather than fall behind because of it. “For whatever good it can do, is there an unintended consequence?” A/Prof. Gribble said. “If it’s always working everything out for you, then the real question is, do you know how to do that work for yourself?”

The new age of homework

While homework may feel like part of the fabric of education – particularly for primary school students – it’s also been contentious for many years, spurred by debate over its utility and purpose. So, what might the advent of generative AI mean for the future of homework in an education landscape where its place was already being questioned ?

As A/Prof. Gribble explained, however, ChatGPT and other generative AI tools are unlikely to render homework irrelevant. Instead, the conventional approach to homework will have to transform, capitalising on AI’s opportunities while building systems to deal with its risks.

First, it’s about recognising what homework is designed to do; for example, homework that’s “about skilling and drilling is different from homework that’s about independent study”, A/Prof. Gribble said. “Is it reconfirming what you have learnt during the day, or is it an opportunity for parents to see what their children are learning?”

It’s then about determining where AI can help, using its strengths where it improves things, and keeping the crucial “human in the loop” where that is beneficial. There will be a place for both in the emerging education landscape, including the realm of homework.

“AI has a fantastic potential to explain things that might be outside of your skillset,” A/Prof. Gribble said – and that could be parents trying to help with homework they themselves don’t understand, students trying to optimise their learning processes or educators seeking resources to teach more effectively. AI tools can act as tutors , offering explanations and helping with complex subjects that might be beyond parents’ or students’ own expertise.

Risks and drawbacks

However, the convenience of generative AI comes with a caveat. If students rely solely on AI for answers, they might miss out on critical thinking and research skills. And there are still major risks of data bias inherent in this developing technology.

“It’s not so good if we have a student who knows nothing and says, ‘I used a large language model instead of going to Google’,” A/Prof. Gribble said. “If you go to Google, you’re doing research and then you’re using that research to formulate your own opinion, because it doesn’t give you a narrative. ChatGPT or any Gen AI will give you a narrative.”

Moreover, generative AI is “designed to give you something that’s plausible; it’s never been designed to be truthful or accurate”, she added. It also tends to produce generic, less-nuanced content without “burstiness”, or the vibrancy and individuality of human writing, which is problematic when students must demonstrate deep understanding and unique perspectives.

Read more: Building socially intelligent AI: Insights from the trust game

“So, it is transforming homework in terms of parents or laypeople being able to help their young charges,” A/Prof. Gribble said. “The drawback is that if I don’t know what I don’t know, and I just accept what the AI says as the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, then I may actually be learning the wrong thing.

“The greatest risk is, ‘I trusted the machine’,” she added. “ Never trust the machine – it’s not sentient, it’s not all-knowing; it’s trapped in a moment of time. Even Google is: if there was an earthquake, it would take five minutes for Google to catch up.”

Equity concerns: the digital divide

Another essential consideration is that not all students have equal access to technology, so its elevation in education contexts can exacerbate existing inequity. “There are some people who don’t have access to the Internet and a computer at home,” as A/Prof. Gribble noted. “Education is bigger than what happens in a classroom, right?

An essential consideration with the use of AI is that not all students have equal access to technology.jpeg

“Equal access is problematic because the government has not provided free Internet access. If you come from a family that values education, it’s easier than if you come from one that doesn’t,” she added.

Relying on schools to provide access is also problematic: “You would find that schools in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas are struggling to put textbooks in the room, let alone computers and Internet access.”

This digital divide can disadvantage students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. “Like other resources, equal access to AI tools will be a continual issue,” Prof. Lee said. “If equal access to educational resources is not guaranteed in Australian society, we can only expect that the existing gap of digital disparity will be widened with additional types of digital technologies.”

The role of educators and parents

For educators, a key challenge in the evolving technological landscape will be integrating AI in a way that complements rather than replaces traditional teaching methods. And, crucially, educators must focus on inspiring and engaging students in ways that AI cannot.

Read more: Charting a new course for university education in the age of ChatGPT

“What we need to make sure as educators is that we are the storytellers; that we are the people inviting people to see how knowledge, knowledge application and critical thinking – being able to unpack assumptions – makes the world a better place,” A/Prof. Gribble said.

This approach includes fostering critical thinking and understanding the broader implications of students’ learning. “Students need to recognise the different skill-sets ” that will matter in an AI-assisted world, A/Prof. Gribble said, noting that while AI can assist in many tasks, it is not a substitute for human creativity and insight.

“Question. Fact-check. Where’s the human in the loop? Where are the morals and the ethics – is this what a good person would do or say? It’s virtue-based care ethics, coming from a space of, does somebody get harmed in this?” she said. “You can’t just say the machine’s responsible – we can’t pass off that responsibility. Humans must recognise their role in humanity and the humanness of it.”

For parents, understanding AI is crucial to effectively supporting their children. “Although it may seem obvious, parents should be aware of which AI tools their children are using, as well as how and for what purposes,” Prof. Lee said.

A/Prof. Gribble said parents should “stop, and then go. ‘Do I really understand AI?’ And if you don’t, learn it now, not next week; stop and take a basic AI 101 course; understand what AI is and how it works. And then you can support your children.”

The government can also play an important role in the use of AI by setting policies and establishing guardrails.jpeg

The challenges of regulation

There is also a role for the government to set policies and establish guardrails to protect children and the education system, but this comes with its own challenges. And with generative AI already changing education, policymakers are increasingly handicapped in their ability to react to risks and opportunities it presents.

In addition, “government policies and regulation are inherently value-laden processes,” Prof. Lee said. “This means that public backing is necessary when labelling certain things as ‘bad for you’. Public backing should also be somewhat unanimous and rely on common sense. Since public use of AI is new and its full impact is not yet known, establishing AI-related policies may be challenging. For example, the notion of AI being inherently ‘bad’ is unlikely to gain the public consensus as with clearly harmful products like cigarettes.”

A/Prof. Gribble agreed that prohibition would not work, meaning the education system must work around these technological developments. “We need to instead come from an education, understanding, inclusivity, responsibility, sustainability perspective, and when we do that, the world changes,” she said. “Regulations and laws, along with policies, need to consider the intended and unintended consequences, and big business needs to step up and do what it can to ensure that the right things happen not just follow the law alone.”

Read more: Three useful things for educators to know about ChatGPT

In Australia, the federal government recently released a report following an inquiry into the use of generative AI in the education system, making 25 recommendations for schools, government and other stakeholders to manage gen AI’s risks and opportunities. These include making the use of GenAI in education a national priority, creating safeguards and mandatory guardrails, taking steps to ensure equal access, regulating EdTech companies, and integrating AI literacy in school curricula.

An era of authenticity

In this evolving landscape, the focus should be on leveraging AI to enhance education while ensuring it does not undermine essential skills and critical thinking. By embracing both the benefits and challenges of generative AI, educators, parents, and students can navigate this new era of learning more effectively, ensuring that technology serves as a valuable complement to human ingenuity rather than a replacement.

“Graduates and students need to recognise the different skill sets, the same as with art or music,” A/Prof. Gribble said. “Can AI produce art and music? It can, but it’s not the same. We need to recognise there’s a place for both – it’s not an either/or; it’s now an ‘and’.”

She advocated for a shift to homework practices that encourage deeper engagement and application of knowledge rather than mere retrieval. “We need to move from asking students just to look something up or write something to get them to do something with what they know,” A/Prof. Gribble said. “I would hope that universities, too, will move on this more participatory way of thinking, ‘how do I demonstrate knowledge?’”

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For instance, she has incorporated the reality of Generative AI in how she assesses students, asking what a student from her class should be able to do with the knowledge obtained there. “We need to understand at the core of a discipline or practice what it is to be able to do that well.”

These shifting priorities mean the next 10 to 15 years will likely be an era in which authenticity is at a premium, A/Prof. Gribble added. That’s why there will always be space and a need for humans in the loop, and why parents and educators should continue fostering the human aspect of education. “It will be about having conversations, coming back to the dinner table and talking about, ‘What did you learn today?’”

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The future of homework: How AI is reshaping education

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Foreign Language Annals

the role of homework in foreign language learning

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of homework in foreign language instruction and learning. The study was conducted through questionnaires, interviews, and quantitative analysis of the amount of homework that foreign language teachers assigned their students. Special attention was given to whether or not homework expectations varied according to the type of schedule that was used for instruction. The study results indicated that foreign language teachers at all levels felt strongly that homework is essential to language teaching and learning. However, the quantity of homework expected in French 1 classes did not vary significantly according to the schedule used for instruction. Most teachers assigned homework as a means for students to practice material that had already been taught in class. Homework in lower‐level classes consisted primarily of rote exercises, whereas homework assignments in upper‐level classes allowed students to integrate and apply the language skills they were learning. However, few teachers did more than simply check that the home‐work was done, placing little emphasis on whether or not the homework had been completed correctly. There was little evidence to indicate that homework either contributed to or detracted from the language‐learning process.

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ABSTRACT  The implementation of block scheduling in many high schools across the United States has caused concern among foreign language teachers. After examining qualitative data that were available on the topic of block scheduling and foreign language learning, the researcher conducted a study wherein she administered end-of-course tests in listening, speaking, reading, and writing to 60 classes of students in French I. These students had been instructed according to one of three schedules: the traditional 6- or 7- period day, the 4times4 block schedule, and the alternating day block schedule. The researcher found that despite students on the traditional schedule having significantly more time for instruction during the course of the year, they did not perform significantly better than the other groups on any of the skills tests. Further data analysis did show, however, that the listening and reading scores of students instructed on the 4times4 schedule fell more frequently in the bottom quartile of the score distribution.

January 2000

The implementation of block scheduling in many high schools across the United States has caused concern among foreign language teachers. After examining qualitative data that Were available on the topic of block scheduling and foreign language learning, the researcher conducted a study wherein she administered end-of-course tests in listening, speaking, reading, and writing to 60 classes of students in French I. These students had been instructed according to one of three schedules: the traditional 6- or 7- period day, the 4 x 4 block schedule, and the alternating day block schedule. The researcher found that despite students on the traditional schedule having significantly move time for instruction during the course of the year, they did not perform significantly better than the other groups on any of the skills tests. Further data analysis did show, however; that the listening and reading scores of students instructed on the 4 x 4 schedule fell move frequently in the bottom quartile of the score distribution.

Citations (3)

... In North Carolina over 75% of the high schools are on some type of block schedule (North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, 2009). The block schedule provided an answer to the call made by school officials to make better use of school time, offering more learning opportunities to students within the school day .css-1xv2a6q{white-space:nowrap;background:var(--sn-colors-yellow-300);-webkit-padding-start:var(--sn-space-1);padding-inline-start:var(--sn-space-1);-webkit-padding-end:var(--sn-space-1);padding-inline-end:var(--sn-space-1);padding-top:var(--sn-space-1);padding-bottom:var(--sn-space-1);} (Wallinger, 2000 ). ... .css-2o6hea{border-width:0;-webkit-align-self:stretch;-ms-flex-item-align:stretch;align-self:stretch;border-color:inherit;width:auto;height:auto;}.css-2o6hea{margin-top:0.5rem;margin-bottom:0.5rem;-webkit-margin-start:0px;margin-inline-start:0px;-webkit-margin-end:0px;margin-inline-end:0px;border-left-width:0;border-bottom-width:1px;} .css-g2amye{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:var(--sn-space-2xs);} .css-1lqm3o8{font-size:12px;line-height:16px;} Reference: .css-luw466{transition-property:var(--sn-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--sn-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--sn-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;color:inherit;font-size:12px;line-height:16px;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:var(--chakra-line-clamp);--chakra-line-clamp:1;word-break:break-word;}.css-luw466:hover,.css-luw466[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-luw466:focus-visible,.css-luw466[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--sn-shadows-outline);} Comparison of the effects block and traditional schedules have on the number of students who are proficient on the Biology End-of-Course Test in forty public high schools in the state of North Carolina
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... Andersen (1982) may be one of the earliest proponents of intensely focused learning experiences in lieu of the standard concurrent models where students take multiple courses simultaneously. In many instances, in both K-12 and HE contexts, this is referred to as block scheduling (Wallinger 2000) . In Andersen's (1982) model, students devote three or four hours per day to a course or subject over several weeks: ... Reference: Defining Immersive Learning
... Similarly, Wallinger (2000) examined the role of homework in foreign language teaching and learning by analyzing the amount of homework foreign language teachers assigned to their students. The results showed that foreign language teachers at all levels strongly believed that homework is essential to language teaching and learning. ... Reference: Effects of Homework Policy on EFL Literacy Development in Emergency Remote Learning: A Focus on Academic Self-Regulation

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Meet the class: gabryella carrelli, ’27, professional opera singer pivots to the law.

Gabryella Carrelli poses in a opera house.

Classically trained opera singer Gabryella Carrelli, ’27, graduated from Texas State University in 2021 with a bachelor's degree in world languages and literature. Though she has been working as a professional opera singer for the last three years, she also has experience working as a paralegal at Tesla, where her focus was immigration. Fluent in three languages and learning a fourth, Carrelli is excited to add “legal expert” to her multiple talents and skills so she can make a difference advocating for immigrant communities, a cause that for her is very personal.

Please describe your background and professional path.

I am an immigrant to the United States and a professional opera singer. I also play the piano and flute and have been training classically since I was five. After graduation from university, I secured a job at an immigration law firm in Austin before starting to work at Tesla.

What key experiences have shaped you?

In 2021, I completed an opera role study of Sister Prejean from the opera Dead Man Walking . This was my first exposure to US legal concepts and was a great bridge for my love of music to the passion I now have for the legal field.

What motivated your decision to go to law school?

The most influential part of my three years of professional experience has been seeing how my work has impacted the lives of others. I am excited to further develop my knowledge of the legal field and necessary legal skills in law school to be the best resource possible for others.

Why did you select the University of Chicago Law School?

In deciding on a law school, I knew I wanted to be in an environment where I would be pushed to be the best student I could be. I am very impressed by the resources UChicago provides its students and the opportunities that I will have because of this university.

What do you plan to do with your legal education?

I am keeping an open mind for my future. I want to continue being challenged in my work and be in a position where I can see the impact my work has on others. I also want to continue some action, even if volunteering, with the immigrant community.

What is the thing you are most looking forward to about being a law student?

I am most excited to be in an environment with other amazing, driven students. I look forward both to being pushed academically alongside my peers and for the connections I will make in law school that will serve as my community in the future.

Gabryella Carrelli on stage

What are some of your hobbies or interests?

In addition to opera, piano, and the flute, I love baking and cooking. As an Italian/Colombian, food is a huge part of my culture, so I like learning traditional recipes and testing new combinations. I also love language learning and getting a grasp on the grammar rules of different languages.

What is a “fun fact” about you?

I speak three languages fluently (English, Spanish, and French) and am working on my fourth certification (Italian). I am also left-handed and like to ski!

Anything else you’d like to share?

I spent this summer traveling abroad and enjoying time with my family. Traveling and taking cooking classes in other countries is my favorite way to spend the holidays. I am super excited to meet the rest of the Class of 2027!

COMMENTS

  1. The Role of Homework in Foreign Language Learning

    Most teachers assigned homework as a means for students to practice material that had already been taught in class. Homework in lower-level classes consisted primarily of rote exercises, whereas homework assignments in upper-level classes allowed students to integrate and apply the language skills they were learning. However, few teachers did ...

  2. The Role of Homework in Foreign Language Learning

    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of homework in foreign language instruction and learning. The study was conducted through questionnaires, interviews, and quantitative analysis of the amount of homework that foreign language teachers assigned their students. Special attention was given to whether or not homework expectations varied according to the type of schedule ...

  3. PDF The Role of Homework in F o reign Language Learn i n g

    The Role of Homework in F o reign Language Learn i n g Linda M. Wa l l i n g e r Vi rginia Department of Education Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of homework in foreign language i n s t ruction and learning. The study was conducted through questionnaires, interviews, and quan-

  4. The Role of Homework in Foreign Language Learning

    The purpose of this study was to examine the role of homework in foreign language instruction and learning. The study was conducted through questionnaires, interviews, and quantitative analysis of ...

  5. Effects of Homework Policy on EFL Literacy Development in Emergency

    Similarly, Wallinger (2000) examined the role of homework in foreign language teaching and learning by analyzing the amount of homework foreign language teachers assigned to their students. The results showed that foreign language teachers at all levels strongly believed that homework is essential to language teaching and learning.

  6. The role of homework

    The role of homework is hardly mentioned in the majority of general ELT texts or training courses, suggesting that there is little question as to its value even if the resulting workload is time-consuming. However, there is clearly room for discussion of homework policies and practices particularly now that technology has made so many more resources available to learners outside the classroom.

  7. The Role of Homework in Foreign Language Learning

    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of homework in foreign language instruction and learning. The study was conducted through questionnaires, interviews, and quantitative analysis of the amount of homework that foreign language teachers assigned their students. Special attention was given to whether or not homework expectations varied according to the type of schedule ...

  8. Relationships of Attitudes Toward Homework and Time Spent on Homework

    homework and outcomes in foreign language learning The OPI, a test administered by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL), comprises a "standard-

  9. THE ROLE OF HOMEWORK IN THE ENGLISH VOCABULARY ACQUISITION

    TEACHER VIEWS ABOUT ENGLISH HOMEWORK ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the role of the assignment in foreign language teaching, according to teacher opinions; to determine the ...

  10. Foreign Language Annals: Vol 33, No 5

    The Role of Homework in Foreign Language Learning. Linda M. Wallinger; Pages: 483-496; First Published: 31 December 2008; Abstract; Full text PDF PDF ... Anxiety and Reading Comprehension in Spanish as a Foreign Language. Vanisa D. Sellers; Pages: 512-520; First Published: 31 December 2008; Abstract; Full text PDF

  11. PDF English Homework: What Makes Sense? C

    Others discuss the role of quality verses quantity (Cooper 1989; Thomas 1992; Warton 2001). A few articles address homework in foreign-language education (Wallinger 2000; Chang et al. 2014), and some pertain to adult foreign-language learners. The purpose of this article is to persuade . English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers

  12. The Foreign Language Classroom: Current Perspectives and Future

    The Modern Language Journal has long been an important venue for the publication of research and reflection on the teaching and learning of foreign languages (FL) in classroom contexts. In this article, we offer a perspective on the contemporary FL classroom, informed by a descriptive survey of all studies that took place in FL classes that were published in The Modern Language Journal (MLJ ...

  13. Homework: Voices from EFL Teachers and Learners

    Previous studies have mainly focused on homework in courses such as math and physics with little attention to homework in EFL (English as a foreign language) classes. The main purpose of the study reported in this paper was to give a voice to both EFL teachers and learners with regard to English homework. To this end, 8 EFL teachers and 19 EFL learners took part in a semi-structured interview ...

  14. Relationships of attitudes toward homework and time spent on homework

    Exploring gender effect on adult foreign language learning strategies. Issues in Educational Research, 14, 181-193. Walker, D. A. (2003). Converting Kendall's tau for correlational or metaanalytic analyses. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 2, 525-530. Wallinger, L. M. (2000). The role of homework in foreign language learning.

  15. The pros and cons of homework for English language learners

    Why students should have homework. Homework can provide an opportunity for English learners to practise and consolidate what they have learned in class. This can help them improve their understanding and memory of the material. If you are confident that your learners have understood the materials, it can be useful to give them extra independent ...

  16. Scaffolding homework for foreign language and self-regulated learning

    ABSTRACT Reporting on the relationship between homework, foreign language learning and self-regulated learning, this paper examines how a teacher used homework to promote Japanese language learning in a Year 4 class at an Australian primary school. The study drew on naturally occurring data including classroom observations and student-produced video of themselves completing homework as well as ...

  17. Step by step: Using the CEFR in the classroom

    The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) provides a comprehensive guideline for learning, teaching and assessing language proficiency. Olivier Le Moal / Adobe Stock The CEFR's central aim is to provide a method of learning, teaching and assessing that applies to all European languages.

  18. Brazilian Primary School Students and The Role of Homework in Foreign

    51. When I do homework involving grammar and structure I feel like I´m really learning the foreign language. 26. When I explain the homework to a classmate, I end up learning more. 22. Teachers rely on homework to pinpoint students´ learning issues. 2.Homework shouldn´t be corrected only orally, because there are some people who don´t get ...

  19. Sci-Hub

    Wallinger, L. M. (2000). The Role of Homework in Foreign Language Learning. Foreign Language Annals, 33(5), 483-496. doi:10.1111/j.1944-9720.2000.tb01993.x

  20. English Homework: What Makes Sense?.

    A few articles address homework in foreign-language education (Wallinger 2000; Chang et al. 2014), and some pertain to adult foreignlanguage learners. Controversies over the amount and quality of homework assignments have been in the news for years (Lee and Pruitt 1979; Cooper 1989, 2007) and explosively so more recently due to attention ...

  21. Is AI the death of homework? Education in a new landscape

    "GenAI will continue to transform the concepts of learning process, learning outcomes, assessment of learning and homework," she said. "The future of learning will be centred on process-oriented activities, documenting how students learn with and/or without AI." ... The role of educators and parents. For educators, a key challenge in ...

  22. Linda M. Wallinger's research works

    Dec 2008. Linda M. Wallinger. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of homework in foreign language instruction and learning. The study was conducted through questionnaires, interviews ...

  23. Meet the Class: Gabryella Carrelli, '27

    Classically trained opera singer Gabryella Carrelli, '27, graduated from Texas State University in 2021 with a bachelor's degree in world languages and literature. Though she has been working as a professional opera singer for the last three years, she also has experience working as a paralegal at Tesla, where her focus was immigration. Fluent in three languages and learning a fourth ...