experiment capacitor matriculation

INGIN PANDUAN LALUAN KERJAYA?

EP025 Practical

PRE LAB MODULE

Experiment 1 : capacitor.

OBJECTIVES :

To determine the time constant of an RC circuit.

To determine the capacitance of a capacitor using an RC circuit.

PRE-LAB ACTIVIES :

CLICK HERE to watch Simulation of the experiment.

CLICK HERE to study Working Procedure of the experiment.

Complete Pre-Lab Module form.

Prepare Pre lab report.

POST-LAB ACTIVITIES :

CLICK HERE to watch Post-Lab discussion.

Scan your COMPLETE lab report and CLICK HERE to hand-in.

Experiment 1 : Demonstration

Experiment 1 : Working Procedures

EXPERIMENT 2 : ohm's law

To verify Ohm's law.

To determine the effective resistance of resistors in series and parallel combination.

Experiment 2 : Demonstration

Experiment 2 : Working Procedures

EXPERIMENT 3 : potentiometer

To determine the internal resistance of a dry cell using potentiometer.

Experiment 3 : Demonstration

Experiment 3 : Working Procedures

Working Principle of Potentiometer

EXPERIMENT 4 : magnetic field

To determine the horizontal component of the Earth magnetic field.

Experiment 4 : Demonstration

Experiment 4 : Working Procedures

EXPERIMENT 5 : geometrical optics

To determine the focal length of a convex lens.

Experiment 5 : Demonstration

Experiment 5 : Working Procedure

EXPERIMENT 6 : diffraction

To determine the wavelength of laser beam using diffraction grating.

To determine the diffraction grating lines per unit length of a diffraction grating.

Experiment 6 : Demonstration

Experiment 6 : Working Procedure

Experiment 6 : Post-lab Discussion

AKU BUDAK MATRIKULASI

Search this blog, lab report: capacitor physics semester 2.

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Capacitors Lab Report

General physics ii (phys1402), the university of texas rio grande valley.

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In this experiment, you will investigate fundamental properties of capacitors. A capacitor is a device that stores charge. THEORY A capacitor is used to store charge. A capacitor can be made with any two conductors kept insulated from each other. If the conductors are connected to source providing a potential difference V (e., to the opposite terminals of a battery), then the two conductors are charged with equal but opposite amount of charge Q, which is then referred to as the “charge in the capacitor.” The actual net charge on the capacitor is zero. The capacitance of the device is defined as the amount of charge Q stored in each conductor after a potential difference V is applied:

Rearranging gives: (1)

The simplest form of a capacitor consists of two parallel conducting plates, each with area A , separated by a distance d. The charge is uniformly distributed on the surface of the plates. The capacitance of the parallel-plate capacitor is given by:

Where κ is the dielectric constant of the insulating material between the plates (κ = 1 for a vacuum; other values are measured experimentally and can be found in tables), and εo is the permittivity constant, of universal value εo = 8 x 10-12 F/m. The SI unit of capacitance is the Farad (F).

The system we use is more complex. In addition to the two moveable parallel plates, the connecting wires and the electrometer also have some capacitance. This capacitance is roughly equal to the capacitance of the moveable plates when the plates are 1 cm apart and cannot be ignored. Including this gives:

Name(s): N/A

GOAL: (briefly state what experiment(s) will be performed and with what purpose)

The objective of this lab is to explore the idea of capacitance and how capacitors work by using the capacitor virtual lab as well as the circuit construction lab. The programs are essentially used to understand how a parallel plate capacitor works, to determine the dielectric constant for virtual paper used as the dielectric in a virtual capacitor, to learn how capacitors connected in series and in parallel behave, and to find equivalent capacitance for a complex combination of virtual capacitors.

• Properties of a capacitor. In this experiment you will use a Java simulation to investigate fundamental properties of a parallel plate capacitor.

Find the simulation on the PhET site: phet.colorado/en/simulation/legacy/capacitor-lab. After the applet starts, you should see the following window.

Using the right-bottom corner of the window you can enlarge the window, for better visibility.

A. Charging a capacitor. Disconnect Battery (by clicking on the control). Uncheck Plate Charges. Check Voltmeter. Attach the red probe to the top plate and the black one to the bottom plate. Slide the slider on the battery all the way down. Connect the battery. Now you should see the following picture.

Check the electric field lines box. In the space below, draw the capacitor and show some electric field lines inside it.

Question 1. What is the polarity of the charges on the top plate of the capacitor?

The top plate is negatively charged. This is because the electric field is always read from positive plate to negative plate in capacitor. In the given diagram the electric field is from bottom to top, so the lower plate is positive (+ve) and the top plate is negative (-ve). Also with help from the digital multimeter which shows -1 V when the red probe is touched to the top plate.

B. Changing area.

• Predict: which of the physical variables listed below will change when you change the area of the capacitor plates (while keeping the battery connected). Mark all that you think will change.

Prediction Actual (come back to fill this in)

[ ] Capacitance[ ] Capacitance✔️ ✔️

[ ] Charge on the plates[ ] Charge on the plates✔️

[ ] Voltage across the plates[ ] Voltage across the plates✔️

[ ] Net electric field between the plates[ ] Net electric field between the pla✔️ ✔️ tes

[ ] Energy stored in the capacitor[ ] Energy stored in the capacitor✔️

Predict: in which direction will the electrons be traveling while you increase the area of the plates? Check your prediction below.

[ ] clockwise [ ] counterclockwise [ ] there will be no moving electrons ✔️

Check all the meters on, like in the picture on the right (your battery should have the slider all the way down).

Slowly increase the area of the plates by dragging the little double arrow away from the plates and observe the changes. Fill in the table below. Check your predictions and discuss any deviations from your observations with

your group. If your meter bars are overfilled, click on to scale them back.

Pay attention to units in the table!

d (mm) κ C (pF) |V| |Q| (pC) |E| (V/m) U (pJ)

100 10 1 0 pF 1 V 0 pC 150 V/m 0 pJ

400 10 1 0 pF 1 V 1 pC 150 V/m 0 pJ

Question 2. When a capacitor is connected to a battery and you halve its area, in addition to capacitance, which other variables (more than one) will also be halved? Explain this by referencing equations.

C= ∊ 0 A / d If A is halved, C is also halved.

V stays constant, q is halved to keep V constant. Only the charge on the capacitor will be halved.

• Click on Reset All (confirm “Yes” when asked); slide the battery slider all the way up, and disconnect the battery.

Predict: which of the physical variables listed below will change when you change the area of the capacitor plates (while keeping the battery disconnected)? Mark all that you think will change.

[ ] Capacitance[ ] Capacitance✔ ✔

[ ] Charge on the plates[ ] Charge on the plates

[ ] Voltage across the plates[ ] Voltage across the plates✔ ✔

[ ] Net electric field between the plates[ ] Net electric field between the pla✔ ✔ tes

[ ] Energy stored in the capacitor[ ] Energy stored in the capacitor✔

[ ] clockwise [ ] counterclockwise [ ] there will be no moving electrons ✔

Check all the meters on (do not forget to connect the voltage probes to the plates; make sure the field probe is between the plates).

Slowly increase the area of the plates by dragging the little double arrow away from the plates and observe the changes. Fill in the table below. Check your predictions and discuss any deviations from your observations with your group.

d (mm) κ C (pF) |V| (V) |Q| (pC) |E| (V/m) U (pJ)

100 10 1 0^-13 1 0^-12 1^8 1^-

400 10 1 3^-13 0 0^-12 3^7 0^-

• 400 10 1 .35 1 .53 150.

400 5 1 .71 .75 .53 150.

• Click on Reset All (confirm “Yes” when asked); slide the battery slider all the way up, and keep the battery connected; maximize the area of the plates.

Predict: which of the physical variables listed below will change when you change the separation between the capacitor plates (while keeping the battery connected)? Mark all that you think will change.

[ ] Charge on the plates[ ] Charge on the plates✔ ✔

[ ] Voltage across the plates[ ] Voltage across the plates

[ ] Energy stored in the capacitor[ ] Energy stored in the capacitor✔ ✔

Predict: in which direction will the electrons be traveling while you increase the separation between the capacitor plates? Check your prediction below.

Slowly change the separation between the plates by dragging the little double arrow down (or up) and observe the changes. Fill in the table below. Check your predictions and discuss any deviations from your observations with your group.

A (mm 2 ) d (mm) κ C (pF) |V| (V) |Q| (pC) |E| (V/m) U (pJ)

400 5 1 .708 1 1 300.

Question 4. When a capacitor is connected to a battery and the separation between the plates is increasing, describe what is happening to the electric field in the capacitor and explain why.

When the electric field between the plate increases, the distance from the plates needs more energy, increasing the voltage between the plate.

100 10 5 (filled completely )

.015 4^- 10

• Click on Reset All (confirm “Yes” when asked); slide the battery slider all the way up, and keep the battery connected.

Predict: which of the physical variables listed below will change when you fill the capacitor with a dielectric (while keeping the battery connected)? Mark all that you think will change.

[ ] Net electric field between the plates[ ] Net electric field between the pla✔ tes

Predict: in which direction will the electrons be traveling when you fill the capacitor with a dielectric? Check your prediction below.

Check all the meters on (do not forget to connect the voltage probes to the plates; make sure the field probe is between the plates and within a dielectric; the field you are interested in is the net field!).

Slowly insert the dielectric between the plates by dragging the little double arrow to the left and observe the changes. Fill in the table below. Check your predictions and discuss any deviations from your observations with your group.

100 10 1 0 10 0 1000 4.

0 10 4 1000 4.

See questions 5 and 6 on the next page.

• Multiple Choice

Course : General Physics II (PHYS1402)

University : the university of texas rio grande valley, this is a preview.

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