pre lab experiment 5 chemistry matriculation

MATERIALS OF LEARNING

Study guide sk015.

LECTURE NOTE CHAPTER 1

LECTURE NOTE CHAPTER 2

LECTURE NOTE CHAPTER 3

LECTURE NOTE CHAPTER 4

LECTURE NOTE CHAPTER 5

LECTURE NOTE CHAPTER 6

LECTURE NOTE CHAPTER 7

LECTURE note video SK015

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VIDEO WEEK 5

VIDEO WEEK 6

VIDEO WEEK 7

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all lecture note video SK015

all lecture note collection sko15

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all ENRICHMENT QUESTIONS sko15

E-book lab sk015.

E-BOOK LAB MANUAL

E-BOOK PRE LAB

PRACTICAL CLASS SK015

PRACTICAL CLASS

EXPERIMENT 1

EXPERIMENT 2

EXPERIMENT 3

EXPERIMENT 4

EXPERIMENT 5

EXPERIMENT 6

TUTORIAL CLASS SK015

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

Study guide sk025.

LECTURE NOTE CHAPTER 8

CHAPTER   9

LECTURE NOTE CHAPTER 9

LECTURE NOTE CHAPTER 10

CHAPTER  11

LECTURE NOTE CHAPTER 11

LECTURE NOTE CHAPTER 12

LECTURE SK025

Practical class sk025, tutorial class sk025.

CHAPTER 1: REACTION KINETIC

CHAPTER 2: THERMOCHEMISTRY

CHAPTER 3: ELECTROCHEMISTRY

CHAPTER 4: INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

CHAPTER 5: HYDROCARBON

CHAPTER 6: AROMATIC COMPOUND

CHAPTER 7: HALOALKANES

CHAPTER 8: ALCOHOL

CHAPTER 9: CARBONYL COMPOUNDS

CHAPTER 10: CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

CHAPTER 11: AMINES

CHAPTER 12: AMINO ACIDS

 ENRICHMENT QUESTIONS SK025 

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Answer for Pre-Lab Module SP015

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SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer

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SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer EXPERIMENT 1: MEASUREMENT AND UNCERTAINTY Students will able to describe technique of measurement and determine uncertainty of length of various objects. INTRODUCTION 1. Complete Table 1. Basic Quantity Symbol SI Unit Measuring Instrument (with symbol) Length l meter rule, vernier caliper, metre, m micrometer screw gauge Mass m electronic balance, triple kilogram, kg beam balance Time t second, s stopwatch, sport timer Electric Current I ampere, A ammeter Temperature T kelvin, K thermometer Table 1 2. Vernier caliper is used to measure the diameter of a coin. 3. Micrometer screw gauge is usually used to measure the diameter of a thin wire or the thickness of a paper. 4. Complete Table 2. Sensitivity Uncertainty 0.1 cm  0.1 cm Measuring Apparatus 0.002 cm  0.002 cm Meter rule 0.01 mm  0.01 mm Vernier caliper 0.001 cm  0.001 cm Micrometer screw gauge 0.1 C  0.1 C Travelling microscope 0.1 V  0.1 V Thermometer 0.01 A  0.01 A Voltmeter 0.01 g  0.01 g Ammeter Electronic Balance Table 2 1 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer 5. State TWO types of reading. (i) Single reading (ii) Repeated reading 6. The repeated readings for a measurement is recorded as a, b, c, d, e, and f. Write the equation of average value and its uncertainty. Quantity Equation Average value, x x  abcd e f Uncertainty, x 6 x  | x  a |  | x  b |  | x  c |  | x  d |  | x  e |  | x  f | 6 EXPERIMENT 7. Complete Table 3. Measurement Measuring Uncertainty Type of reading Instrument / Smallest (single point / scale two point / vernier scale) Length of a metal rod Meter rule  0.1 cm Two points Length and width of a Meter rule  0.1 cm Two points laboratory book Mass of a ball bearing Electronic balance  0.01 g Single point Diameter of a coin Vernier caliper  0.002 cm Vernier scale Vernier scale Diameter of a ball Micrometer screw  0.01 mm Vernier scale bearing gauge External diameter of a Micrometer screw  0.01 mm glass rod gauge Table 3 2 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer 8. Determine the reading for the following measurements. (a) 0 cm 1 2 Main scale : 1.100 cm Vernier scale : 0.055 cm 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Actual reading: 1.155 cm Main Vernier scale scale (b) 11 cm 12 cm Main scale : 10.000 cm Vernier scale : 0.006 cm 10 cm Actual reading: 10.006 cm 01 23 Main scale : 18.30 cm Vernier scale : 0.00 cm (c) Actual reading: 18.30 cm 18 cm 19 cm 0 5 10 (d) Main scale : 2.50 mm Vernier scale : 0.38 mm 45 Actual reading: 2.88 mm 0 40 35 30 (e) Main scale : 6.50 mm Vernier scale : 0.00 mm 5 Actual reading: 6.50 mm 05 0 45 3 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer 9. The repeated readings of the diameter of a ball bearing, d are 2.50 mm, 2.52 mm, 2.51 mm and 2.50 mm. (a) Calculate the average value of the diameter, d and its uncertainty, d . Record the diameter in terms of its average value and uncertainty, (d  d). Average value of the diameter, d  d1  d2  d3  d4  2.50  2.52  2.51  2.50  2.51 mm 44 d  | d  d1 |  | d  d2 |  | d  d3 |  | d  d4 | 4 d  | 2.51  2.50 |  | 2.51  2.52 |  | 2.51  2.51 |  | 2.51  2.50 | 4 d  0.01 mm Diameter of the ball bearing, d = ( 2.51  0.01 ) mm (b) What is the instrument or apparatus used for this measurement? Micrometer screw gauge (c) From (a), calculate the volume of the ball bearing, V and its uncertainty, V. Volume of ball bearing, Relative uncertainty of volume, V  3d Vd V  4 r 3 Uncertainty of volume, V   3d V 3 d V  4   d 3 V  3 (0.01) (8.28) 3 2 2.51 V  4   2.513 V  0.1 mm3 3 2 V  8.28 mm3 (e) Record the volume, V in terms of its average value and uncertainty, (V  V ). Volume of the ball bearing, V = ( 8.3  0.1 ) mm3 4 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer DATA ANALYSIS Diameter of ball bearing, D  Di (mm) 10. Complete Table 4. D ( 0.01 mm) 15.42 0.04 No. 15.55 0.09 15.30 0.16 1 15.48 0.02 2 15.49 0.03 3 15.45 0.01 4 15.55 0.09 5 D  0.06 mm 6 D  15.46 mm 7 Average Table 4 11. Record the diameter, D in terms of its average value (best value) and uncertainty, (D  D). Diameter of ball bearing, D = ( 15.46  0.06 ) mm 12. Calculate its percentage of uncertainty. Percentage of uncertainty of length, %  D   D 100% D D %  D   0.06 100%  D  15.46 %  D   0.39% D 13. State THREE precautions of this experiment. (i) Check for zero error before using the apparatus. (ii) Ensure that eye view is perpendicular to the scale of the instrument. (iii) Turn the ratchet of the micrometer screw gauge until a click sound is heard. 5 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer EXPERIMENT 2: FREE FALL AND PROJECTILE MOTION Students will able to describe experiment to determine acceleration due to gravity using free fall and projectile motion. INTRODUCTION 1. What is meant by free fall motion? Free fall motion is the motion of an object which is totally under the influence of gravitational force (acted upon by gravity alone). 2. Under free fall motion, the acceleration of an object is also known as gravitational acceleration or acceleration due to gravity. What is the symbol and SI unit of this type of acceleration? Symbol of gravitational acceleration: g SI unit of gravitational acceleration: m s-2 3. What is the value of acceleration due to gravity on the surface of Earth? The value of acceleration due to gravity on the surface of Earth is 9.81 m s-2. 4. Projectile motion of an object is the motion of an object which is projected or thrown. Under a gravitational field when the air resistance is not present, projectile motion can be considered as a free fall motion. State TWO differences between free fall motion and projectile motion. - Free fall motion is in one dimension. Projectile motion is in two or more dimension. - Initial horizontal velocity of free fall is always zero but the initial horizontal velocity of projectile motion is not necessarily zero. - Free fall motion has no horizontal distance or displacement but projectile motion has horizontal displacement. 5. State the law applied in these experiments. Law of conservation of energy. 6 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer EXPERIMENT 6. How do we release the steel ball to form a (a) free fall motion? The steel ball is attached to the upper contact of free fall electromagnet adaptor connected to the power supply. When switch is off, the steel ball falls freely. (b) projectile motion? The steel ball is released from the curvature railing located on the table and projected on the drawing paper on the floor. 7. State the measurement apparatus involved. (e.g. type / name of equipment) for both experiment. Free fall motion: meter rule and digital timer Projectile motion: meter rule 8. State the related variables that need to be recorded in this experiment. Free Fall Motion Projectile Motion Manipulated variable Height of the steel ball Height of the steel ball on (change on purpose) from the trap door. the curvature railing. Responding variable Time taken for the steel Horizontal distance or (what is measured) ball to fall. range of the steel ball projected from the table. 7 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer 9. Construct the table to record the related values for free fall and projectile motion experiment. (a) Free Fall Motion No. height, h (  0.1 cm ) time, t (  0.000001 s ) t 2 ( s2 ) 1 2 (b) Projectile Motion Range, R (  0.1 cm ) R 2 ( cm2 ) No. height, h (  0.1 cm ) 1 2 10. How do you obtain the value of t for projectile motion from the graph of free fall motion experiment? The value of t for projectile motion can be obtained from the graph of free fall motion experiment using extrapolation method by referring to the value of height from the edge of the railing to the landing surface, H. DATA ANALYSIS 11. (a) Write the equations related to both experiments in order to determine the acceleration due to gravity, g. Free fall motion: h  1 gt 2 2 Projectile motion: h  7R2 10gt 2 8 11. (b) Sketch a suitable graph for SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer (i) free fall motion. h (cm) (ii) projectile motion. h (cm) 0 t 2 (s2) 0 R2 (cm2) (c) How the acceleration due to gravity, g can be determined from the graphs? (i) Free Fall Motion Using the gradient of the h against t 2 graph, m= 1 g 2 Thus, acceleration due to gravity, g = 2m (ii) Projectile Motion Using the gradient of the h against R2 graph, k = 7 10gt 2 Thus, acceleration due to gravity, g = 7 10k t 2 12. State THREE precautions of the experiments. (i) For projectile motion, the steel ball should not be obstructed by the edge of the table. (ii) Since the reaction time of the observer varies each time while pressing the button to release the ball so the experiment should be repeated. (iii) The curvature railing at the edge of the table should be horizontal so that the initial vertical velocity is zero as the ball leaves the edge of the table. 9 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer EXPERIMENT 3(b): ENERGY Students will able to explain the experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity, g from the experiment. INTRODUCTION 1. State the law of conservation of energy. Law of conservation of energy states that in the absence of external force, the total energy of a system remains constant. 2. What is gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy? Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in a body due to its height or vertical position. Kinetic energy is the energy of a body which is in motion. 3. What is the symbol and SI unit of gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy? Energy Gravitational Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Symbol U K Unit Joule, J 4. Based on the situations below, answer the questions: h = 10 m h=5m ground ground SITUATION A SITUATION B 10 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer 4. (a) Using the law of conservation of energy, determine the velocity of the ball just before it reaches the ground. Situation A Situation B U K U K mgh  1 mv2 mgh  1 mv2 2 2 gh  1 v2 gh  1 v2 2 2 v  2gh v  2gh v  2(9.81)(10) v  2(9.81)(5) v  14.01 m s2 v  9.90 m s2 (b) From the answers calculated in question (a), what can we deduce about the relation between the released height and the velocity of the ball before hitting the ground? Velocity of ball is proportional to the released height. EXPERIMENT 5. What is the energy owned by the ball bearing when it is attached to the free fall adaptor? Gravitational potential energy. 6. What is the usage of the photo gate? Photo gate is used as a velocity detector. 7. State the change in mechanical energy in this experiment. The gravitational potential energy is converted to the kinetic energy. 8. State the related variables that need to be recorded in this experiment. (a) Manipulated variable: Falling distance, h (b) Responding variable: Time required for the ball to travel through a distance, s 11 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer 9. How is the final velocity of ball bearing determined? Final velocity of ball bearing determined using equation v  s t DATA ANALYSIS 10. An equation for a straight line graph is y = mx + c, where y is the quantity on the vertical axis and x is the quantity on the horizontal axis as shown in FIGURE 1. y x 0 FIGURE 1 The velocity of ball bearing, v is related to the height of released, h by the following equation: v 2 = 2gh …….. (1) where g is the acceleration due to the gravity. (a) Based on the equation (1) and the graph, determine the variables for x-axis and y- axis. Variables for x-axis: v2 Variables for y-axis: h (b) From the graph what does the gradient, m represents? Gradient, m = 2g (c) From the gradient of the graph, how can we determine the value of g? Gravitational acceleration, g  1 m 2 12 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer 11. State TWO types of errors during experiment and give an example for each error. (i) Random error (ii) Systematic error 12. Based on the situation below identify either random or systematic error. Situation Random error / Systematic error Measurement of height varies due to incorrect position of eye view when measuring the height with a ruler. Random error Some of the numbers on the timer display are broken Systematic error and missing. Thus, the reading can be taken only to the nearest decimal point. Instead of using the hand to release the ball bearing, it Random error is suggested that the ball can be released using the automatic control or trigger. Sometimes the time measured is hardly detected by the Systematic error photo gates. This is due to the position of the gates where the ball bearing failed to hit the motion sensor. Therefore, the free fall adaptor and photo gates must be realigned properly. 13. List the POSSIBLE precautions of this experiment: (i) The photo gate is placed exactly parallel to the free fall adaptor and the table. (ii) All connecting wires are connected properly to the right terminal of the timer, photo gate and free fall adaptor. (iii) The trigger of free fall adaptor must be pressed gently to avoid undesired impulsive force on the ball bearing. (iv) The contact between the observer and table is avoided as less as possible. This is to prevent the vibration on the apparatus. (v) The ball bearing is ensured to move in a straight line passing through the photo gates. 13 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer EXPERIMENT 4: ROTATIONAL MOTION OF A RIGID BODY Students will able to explain the experiment to determine the moment of inertia of a fly-wheel from experiment. INTRODUCTION 1. What is a rigid body? Rigid body is a body which does not change its size and shape when the force is exerted on it. 2. What is meant by moment of inertia? Moment of inertia is the tendency of a body to resist rotational motion, expressed as the sum of the product of the mass of each particle in the body and the square of its perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation. 3. What is the symbol and SI unit for moment of inertia? Symbol of moment of inertia: I SI unit of moment of inertia: kg m2 4. Moment of inertia depends on mass and radius from axis of rotation. 5. Complete TABLE 4 with correct analogues between linear motion and rotational motion. Linear Motion Rotational Motion Mass, m Moment of inertia, I Acceleration, a Angular acceleration,  Net force, F Net torque,  6. A motor capable of producing a constant torque of 100 N m is connected to a fly-wheel which rotates with an angular acceleration of 1000 rad s-2. Calculate moment of inertia of the fly-wheel. Using equation,   I Moment of inertia, I    100  0.1 kg m2  1000 14 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer EXPERIMENT 7. Identify the forces exerted on the fly-wheel and falling slotted mass which causes acceleration. (a) Fly-wheel (b) Falling slotted mass  T R a TW 8. By referring to the diagram in 7.(a) and 7.(b), deduce equation by using Newton’s 2nd law of motion. (a) Fly-wheel:    net TR   I (b) Falling slotted mass:  F  Fnet mg  T  ma T  mg  ma 9. For this experiment, identify the (a) manipulated variable: mass of the hanging slotted mass (b) responding variable: time taken to reach the ground 10. Complete the observation table with the suitable equation. Acceleration Angular acceleration Tension in the string   a  2a T  m (g  a) a  2h Rd t2 15 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer DATA ANALYSIS 11. Write the equation of the graph of  against T.    R  T    I  I 12. Base on the linear graph equation y = mx + c, fill in the suitable quantity by referring the equation in question 11. (a) y-axis : (b) x-axis :T (c) gradient, k : R I (d) y–interception :  I 13. How do we determine the value of moment of inertia of the fly-wheel from this graph? Using the gradient of  against T graph, k = R I Thus, moment of inertia of the fly-wheel, I  R  d k 2k 14. List the POSSIBLE precautions of this experiment. (i) Make sure the slotted mass released from a fixed height. (ii) Avoid any external force when releasing the slotted mass. (iii) Wound the string around the axle neatly. (iv) Apply lubricants around the axis of rotation of the fly-wheel to reduce frictional torque. (v) Take repeated reading of time, t for each slotted mass. 16 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer EXPERIMENT 5: SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (SHM) Students will able to: (a) explain the experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity, g using a simple pendulum. (b) describe the effect of large amplitude oscillation to the accuracy of g obtained from the experiment INTRODUCTION 1. What is a simple pendulum? A simple pendulum is an object which can be considered as a point mass suspended from a pivot using a string or a rod of negligible mass. 2. Periodic motion is a repeated motion of an object in equal interval of time through its initial position. 3. In SHM, state TWO quantities that is proportional to the displacement of the object. (i) acceleration (ii) restoring force 4. The condition for the simple pendulum to perform SHM are (a) the mass of the spherical bob is considered as a point mass. (b) the mass of the string is negligible. (c) amplitude of oscillation is small where  < 10 5. Does the period of oscillation of simple pendulum depend on mass? (Yes / No) EXPERIMENT 6. How to determine the period of a simple pendulum, T using the time recorded, t for N number of oscillations,? Period T can be determined by dividing the time taken to the number of oscillations counted, N or using equation, 17 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer 7. If we vary the length of a pendulum, the period will change. Construct an appropriate table to record the data of length,  ; time taken, t and corresponding T and T 2. No.  (  0.1 cm ) t (  0.01 s ) T (s) T 2 (s2) 1 2 8. What is the title of the graph that needs to be plotted in this experiment? Graph of T 2 against  9. Which procedure that investigates the effect of large amplitude of oscillation? State the related angle used. Procedure step (6) and the related angle,  = 70 DATA ANALYSIS 10. How to determine the value of g from the gradient of the graph? Using the gradient of T 2 against  graph, m  42 g Thus, gravitational acceleration, g  42 m 11. How to calculate the percentage of error between the value gexperiment and gstandard? Take gstandard = 9.81 m s-2. Percentage of error of gravitational acceleration, %  g   g experiment  gstandard 100% g g sta nda rd Note: If the value is smaller than 10%, is considered as accurate. 18 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer 12. Predict what would happen to the displacement of the simple pendulum if large amplitude is used. Non-linear path or not in a straight line or does not obey SHM. 13. List the POSSIBLE precautions of this experiment. (i) The bob of the pendulum was displaced with a small angle. (ii) The amplitude of the oscillation of a simple pendulum should be as small as possible. (iii) The simple pendulum oscillates in a vertical plane only. (iv) Switch off the fan to reduce the air resistance. 19 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer EXPERIMENT 6: STANDING WAVES Students will able to explain the experiment to investigate standing waves formed in stretched string. INTRODUCTION 1. What is the meaning of standing waves? Standing wave is a form of wave in which the profile of the wave does not move through the medium. 2. Sketch standing wave formed in a stretched string and label the node (N) and antinode (A). A AA AA N NN N 3. How standing wave is formed? Standing wave is formed from the superposition two or more progressive waves travelling at opposite direction. 4. What is the symbol and SI unit for mass per unit length? Symbol of moment of inertia:  SI unit of moment of inertia: kg m2 EXPERIMENT 5. State the manipulative and responding variables in this experiment. (a) Manipulated variable: Mass of the slotted mass. (b) Responding variable: Length between two consecutive nodes. 20 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer 6. Construct the observation table. No. Mass, m (g) Length,  (  0.1 cm ) T (N)  2 (m2) 1 2 3 7. Sketch a free body diagram to show that T = W. T W 8. Suggest a way to determine the actual value for mass per unit length of the string or wire used in this experiment. Weigh the mass and measure the length of the string or wire. Then, use the recorded values to calculate the actual value for mass per unit length of the string or wire using equation: m  9. Suggest how to identify the position of two consecutive nodes formed in the string or wire. The position of two consecutive nodes formed in the string or wire can be observed by positioning the wooden wedges at two consecutive nodes. 21 SP015 Pre-Lab Module Answer DATA ANALYSIS 10. Write the equation that relates period, T and frequency, f. Equation: T  4f 22 11. Sketch a graph to show the relationship between T and 2 . T (N) 0  2 (m2) 12. How do you determine the mass per unit length from this graph? Using the gradient of T against 2 graph, k  4f 2 Thus, mass per unit length,   m 4f 2 13. Throughout the experiment the terminals are connected to AC power supply. In your opinion why is this essential? Terminals are connected to AC power supply to produce the vibration in the string or wire. 22

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PRE-LAB MODULE CHEMISTRY UNIT KELANTAN MATRICULATION COLLEGE

SK015 Pre-Lab Module EXPERIMENT 1 DETERMINATION OF THE FORMULA UNIT OF A COMPOUND Course Learning Outcome: Solve chemistry related problems by applying basic concepts and principles in physical chemistry. (C4, PLO4, CTPS3, MQF LO6) Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, students should be able to: i. Define the terms compound, formula unit, empirical formula and molecular formula ii. Determine the formula unit of a compound iii. Identify the safety precautions of the experiment Student Learning Time: Face-to-face Non face-to-face 1 hour 1 hour Direction: Read over the lab manual and then answer the following question. Introduction: 1. Define the term compound. 2. What is a formula unit of a compound? 3. State the difference between empirical formula and molecular formula. 4. The formula unit of a compound can be determined if the composition or the ratio of the elements in the compound is known. Consider a compound that contains 0.20 mole of aluminum and 0.30 mole of oxygen. Determine its formula unit. Updated : 07/02/2018 1

SK015 Pre-Lab Module Procedure: 1. List the safety cautions in this experiment. 2. The compound should not be heated to the point that it melts. Explain. 3. Why is the compound reheated, cooled and reweighed after the first heating? 4. Construct a table to record the data for the experiment. Updated : 07/02/2018 2

SK015 Pre-Lab Module Experiment 1 : Data Analysis An experiment was conducted to determine the formula unit of magnesium oxide. The following data was recorded. Mass of empty crucible + lid = 24.0037 g Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium strip = 24.3046 g Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide: a) after first heating = 24.5278 g b) after second heating = 24.5097 g Determine the formula unit of the compound. Updated : 07/02/2018 3

SK015 Pre-Lab Module EXPERIMENT 2 ACID-BASE TITRATION - DETERMINATION OF THE CONCENTRATION OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION Course Learning Outcome: Solve chemistry related problems by applying basic concepts and principles in physical chemistry. (C4, PLO4, CTPS3, MQF LO6) Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, students will be able: i. To define molarity and standard solution ii. To state the use of standard solution iii. To describe the preparation of a standard solution of oxalic acid iv. To differentiate between end point and equivalnce point. v. To explain the precautions required during titration vi. To calculate the concentration of HCl solution in an acid-base titration Student-Learning Time: Face-to-face Non face-to-face 1 hour 1 hour Direction: Read over the lab manual and then answer the following question. Introduction 1. Define molarity. 2. What is a standard solution? State the use of a standard solution. 3. What is the difference between end point and equivalence point? Updated : 07/02/2018 4

SK015 Pre-Lab Module Procedure 1. State three precautions that must be taken during titration to ensure the accuracy of results. State a reason for each precaution. 2. Briefly describe how to prepare 250 mL standard solution of hydrated oxalic acid (C2H2O4.2H2O) with a concentration of 0.25 M. 3. How to determine the end point of the titration? Updated : 07/02/2018 5

SK015 Pre-Lab Module Experiment 2 : Data Analysis A titration of 25.00 mL of an x M HCl solution with 0.15 M NaOH starts at a burette reading for NaOH of 0.20 mL. The burette reading of the end point is 24.10 mL. i. What was the volume of NaOH dispensed? ii. Calculate the number of moles of NaOH dispensed. iii. Write the balanced equation for the neutralisation reaction. iv. Calculate the number of moles of HCl present in the acid solution. v. Determine the value of x. Updated : 07/02/2018 6

SK015 Pre-Lab Module EXPERIMENT 3 DETERMINATION OF THE MOLAR MASS OF A METAL Course Learning Outcome: Solve chemistry related problems by applying basic concepts and principles in physical chemistry. (C4, PLO4, CTPS3, MQF LO6) Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, students will be able: i. To determine the molar mass of an alkaline earth metal by back-titration method. Student-Learning Time: Face-to-face Non face-to-face 1 hour 1 hour Direction: Read over the lab manual and then answer the following question. Introduction: 1. What is back-titration? 2. Give one example of alkaline earth metal and write the equation for the reaction between the metal and HCl. Procedure: Explain briefly how to determine the molar mass of an unknown metal by using back- titration method. Updated : 07/02/2018 7

SK015 Pre-Lab Module Experiment 3 : Data Analysis A 0.2730 g sample of unknown metal, Y with oxidation number of +2, was completely reacted with 25.00 mL of 0.50 M excess HCl. The remaining solution required 4.15 mL of 1.00 M NaOH to reach end point. Calculate the, i. number of mole of HCl reacted with NaOH. ii. number of mole of HCl reacted with Y. iii. number of mole of Y metal reacted. iv. molar mass of Y. Updated : 07/02/2018 8

SK015 Pre-Lab Module EXPERIMENT 4 CHARLES’ LAW AND THE IDEAL GAS LAW Course Learning Outcome: Solve chemistry related problems by applying basic concepts and principles in physical chemistry. (C4, PLO4, CTPS3, MQF LO6) Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: i. verify Charles’ Law by using graphical method. ii. determine the molar mass of a volatile liquid. Student-Learning Time: Face-to-face Non face-to-face 1 hour 1 hour Direction: Read over the lab manual and then answer the following question. Introduction (A) Verify Charles’ Law. 1. Define Charles’ Law. 2. Based on kinetic molecular theory, describe how the volume of gas changes when the temperature increases. 3. What variables are held constant in Charles’ Law? Updated : 07/02/2018 9

SK015 Pre-Lab Module (B) Determination of the molar mass of a volatile liquid. 1. State the ideal gas equation. 2. Derive the formula that relates the mass and the molar mass by using the ideal gas equation. 3. What is the unit of molar mass? Procedure (A) Verify Charles’ Law. Why should we use the same Charles’ law apparatus at all four different temperature? (B) Determination of the molar mass of a volatile liquid. 1. Why do you need to prick a tiny hole in the middle of the aluminium foil? 2. When does the temperature of the water in beaker have to be recorded? 3. Why the conical flask is filled with water up to the brim? Updated : 07/02/2018 10

SK015 Pre-Lab Module Experiment 4 : Data Analysis V 0 T (oC) 1. Mark the absolute zero temperature in the graph above. What is the volume of the gas at this temperature? 2. Based on the graph, state the relationship between volume of the gas, V and absolute temperature, T(K). 3. A 0.30 g of gas Y at 3.00 atm occupies 82.0 mL flask. Calculate the molar mass of gas Y if temperature of the gas is 27.0oC. 4. State the possible errors in the experiment. Updated : 07/02/2018 11

SK015 Pre-Lab Module EXPERIMENT 5 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Course Learning Outcome: Solve chemistry related problems by applying basic concepts and principles in physical chemistry. (C4, PLO4, CTPS3, MQF LO6) Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: i. study the effect of concentration and temperature on chemical equilibrium. ii. determine the equilibrium constant, Kc of a reaction Student-Learning Time: Face-to-face Non face-to-face 1 hour 1 hour Direction: Read over the lab manual and then answer the following question. Introduction 1. What is meant by reversible reaction? 2. State two characteristics of dynamic equilibrium. 3. State Le Chatelier’s Principle. 4. State the factors that influence the chemical equilibrium. Updated : 07/02/2018 12

5. Given the equation which is in equilibrium: SK015 Pre-Lab Module N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ∆H = -92.83 kJ Predict the direction of equilibrium if : i. nitrogen gas is added ii. gas is removed iii. temperature of the system is increased. 6. Given the equation in equilibrium: SbCl3(aq) + H2O(l) SbOCl(s) + 2HCl(aq) i. Write the Kc expression for the above system ii. Explain why H2O(l) and SbOCl(s) are not included in Kc expression. Procedure 1. State the precautions for these experiments. Updated : 07/02/2018 13

SK015 Pre-Lab Module Experiment 5 : Data Analysis (A) The effect of concentration in the formation of thiocyanoiron (III) complex ion 1. Given the equation [ Fe(SCN)2]+(aq) (blood-red) Fe3+(aq) + 2 SCN-(aq) (yellowish brown) When the system is at equilibrium, a blood-red solution is observed. The colour intensity of the solution is reduced by adding distilled water. a) If Fe(NO3)3 is added to the above system, i. what is the disturbance applied to the reaction? ii. predict the observation. iii. explain the effect of the above disturbance to the equilibrium position. b) When NaOH is added, the colour of the solution changes to yellowish brown. i. State the change in equilibrium position. ii. Write an equation between Fe3+ and NaOH. iii. What is the effect on the concentration of Fe3+? (B) The effect of temperature 2. Consider the following equilibrium system, A(aq) + B(aq) C(aq) (yellow) (blue) i. A green solution is observed indicating a mixture of yellow and blue at room temperature. What can be deduced from the observation? ii. The above solution turns yellow in the hot water bath. Explain. iii. State the colour of solution after it is placed in the ice bath. Explain. iv. Predict the forward reaction as exothermic or endothermic. Updated : 07/02/2018 14

SK015 Pre-Lab Module EXPERIMENT 6 pH MEASUREMENT AND ITS APPLICATIONS Course Learning Outcome: Solve chemistry related problems by applying basic concepts and principles in physical chemistry. (C4, PLO4, CTPS3, MQF LO6) Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: i. Perform calculations involving pH, dissociation constant, Ka and initial concentration. Student-Learning Time: Face-to-face Non face-to-face 1 hour 1 hour Direction: Read over the lab manual and then answer the following question. Introduction: 1. Define pH. 2. Give two methods to determine pH in the laboratory. 3. Explain the differences between strong acid and weak acid. 4. What is a buffer solution ? 5. Write the expression of Ka for a weak acid, HA. 15 Updated : 07/02/2018

SK015 Pre-Lab Module Procedure: 1. Suggest suitable indicators for titration between i. Nitric acid, HNO3 and potassium hydroxide, KOH ii. Nitric acid, HNO3 and ammonia, NH3 iii. Sodium hydroxide, NaOH and hydrocyanic acid, HCN 2. State the composition of an acidic buffer solution. 3. Classify the following salt as acidic, basic or neutral salt. Salt Type I. NaCl II. CH3COONa III. NH4NO3 4. List down all precautions of the experiment. Updated : 07/02/2018 16

SK015 Pre-Lab Module Experiment 6 : Data Analysis 1. Calculate the percentage of ionisation of 0.1 M and 1.0 M acetic acid with pH 2.87 and 2.37 respectively. 2. How does the percentage of ionisation change with its concentration? 3. Refer to the pH values of acetic acid in Question 1, calculate their dissociation constant, Ka. Updated : 07/02/2018 17

CHEMISTRY UNIT KELANTAN MATRICULATION COLLEGE

AKU BUDAK MATRIKULASI

Search this blog, lab report matriculation experiment 5 : simple harmonic motion.

Lab report exp 6 ade tak?

https://notamatrik.blogspot.com/2020/11/lab-report-exp6-matriculation-standing.html

nak tanya T=tave per 20, 20 tu ape ?

oscillation

Terima kasih yaa :D

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SK015 Experiment 4: Charles' Law & The Ideal Gas Law

Charles' Law & The Ideal Gas Law. In this experiment we are going to set up Charles' Apparatus and study the effect of temperatures toward gas's volume. Then, we will determine molar mass of unknown liquid using Ideal Gas Law.

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