term paper on the topic insecurity in nigeria the way forward

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National security issues and challenges in Nigeria: Which way forward

2014, Nweke Prince Onyemaechi. & Nwachukwu Tochukwu Stephen

ABSTRACT This paper attempts to examine and evaluate the origin, causes, and suggested solutions to National Security Issues and challenges. The paper highlights the ongoing concerns, challenges and proffers solutions which citing Mr. President as the only authority that should acknowledge the failure of the security agencies and provide complete overhaul of the Security Agencies to pre-empt these security breaches. In particular, the failure of the intelligence services to contain the recurring security breaches. Such as the spate of bombings which has once more brought to limelight the need for a Sovereign National Conference. And until these structural distortions and anomalies are addressed, the monster of insecurity will loom large. The paper recommends that Mr. President has the power to act decisively to execute his office, and this can be achieved by implementing the anti-terrorism law and punish culprits of such heinous crimes capable of causing instability in the nation. This paper also discusses the instrumentality of effective use of the Islamic panacea in tackling moral degeneration and insecurity that have both become the bane of Nigeria. From this paper, we see that it is expressly stated in our Constitution that the Government(s) is ultimately responsible for the security of lives, property, etc of the people of Nigeria. Keywords: Security, National Security, National Development, Boko Haram, Insecurity

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Nigeria's Fourth Republic is being threatened daily by political violence of various shades. A development that has negatively affected Nigeria's internal security. Some of the old security threats have remained or even assumed worrisome dimensions while new threats have also emerged. Threats to human and national security include the proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SALWS), sea piracy, armed robbery, assassination, human trafficking, kidnapping, and ethno-religious conflicts. A threat considered to be relatively new in Nigeria, though not without precedent, is the outbreak of violent extremism. Since 1999, there has been a revival and resurgence of radical Islamic fundamentalism under the cover of Sharia, which has resulted in the emergence of a Taliban-styled group called Boko Haram in the northern part of the country. Meanwhile, national security is implicated in the situation of violence which has brought untold sorrows to the innocent Nigerians and caused security concerns for the nation at large. Also, national security objectives and strategies are queried as a result of many failed attempts to ameliorate, and consequently bring to an end, the activities of Boko Haram and other terrorists group within the country. Using both primary and secondary sources of data collection, this study revisits the governmental efforts to curb terrorism in Nigeria, and, as well, suggests the way forward on this subject.

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The right to life is a fundamental human right that is engrave in the constitution of most independent countries. This make most sovereign state to be the most important and dominant structure within the social system. Security of life and property on the other hand has long been a part of human existence and sustenance and could be aptly viewed as freedom from threat or violence which is also known as peace. Durable peace has remained elusive in Nigeria since the country gained independence. The nature and character of the Nigerian state which has a colonial origin has led to the manifestations of insecurity and violence in different trends which include; youth involvement in crime, collective and targeted violence against individuals, groups and state institutions which have escalated over the years. The major objective of this paper is to examine the nature of Nigerian state and the high level of insecurity challenges, and strategies that can help eliminate them. Exploratory desi...

International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 2015

Nigeria as a country gained her independence on October 1st 1960 and after a temporary civilian government and a long reign of military power, which experienced a series of coup d’état it was restored to a democratic federation in 1999. A country with a population of over 168 million and rich in both human and natural resources faces some concerns such as corruption and security challenges. These challenges are on the increase because of lack of solutions to the issues and as such posed several threats to its inhabitants as well as create economic implications. There are some contentions as to whether the current systems handling security issues are effective. This paper will provide an in-depth analysis at the level of insecurity in Nigeria using past and current events. It will also examine existing domestic and external policies channelled towards managing the security concerns. This dissertation addresses these questions: Firstly, what is the highest form of security concern in the country? Secondly, what role do the leaders play in ensuring security? Thirdly, what can be done to counter the security challenges? And lastly, what are the possible causes of insecurity in Nigeria? Following a careful review of existing literature, in spite of the growing security issues in Nigeria, there are limited academic works thus limiting in-depth insight into key areas of security concerns This dissertation uses a mixed method approach which combines the collective use of qualitative and quantitative data methodology. From these findings, the study identifies evidence linking different group causes of the security issues and also loophole in the available policies. Such awareness can help the Nigerian Government, NGOs, International Organisations and other interested bodies improve policies for security challenges especially in developing diverse nationals. Although, previous studies restrict findings to, identifying one cause of security challenges. This comprehensive study identifies both direct and indirect causes of the issues and as such allows for collective understanding. This bundling of the causes of security challenges in Nigeria will allow other researchers focus on providing possible solution to the issues. KEYWORDS: Terrorism, Militancy, Corruption, Lawlessness, Unemployment, Illiteracy, Structure, Politics, Crude Oil, Ethnicity and Religion.

Abstract: Many cases of ethnic and religious conflicts, armed robbery and other violent crimes, which over the years have exposed the vulnerability of Nigeria’s security agencies have been compounded with growing incidence of militancy and terrorism. The paper assesses Nigeria’s approach to national security, examines the ability of security agencies to meet emerging challenges and evaluates the capability of political leadership to pro-actively tackle threats to national security. The paper relied on secondary data comprising relevant published books, scholarly peer-reviewed journal articles, newspaper articles, and materials downloaded from the internet. It adopts frustration-aggression, political economy and game theories as major theoretical constructs. These theories are used as platform to build a treatise for a pro-active preventive approach to Nigeria’s national security. The paper argues that Nigeria’s approach to national security has been archaic, pedestrian and at variance with emerging trends across the globe; leading to the need for a new dimension that will be current, pro-active and preventive. The paper concludes that this new perspective must be anchored on delivery of good governance by political leadership across the country and the ability of government to provide deterrent measures towards breach of national security. Those who contravene national security either directly or through proxy must be made to face the full wrath of the law regardless of their social status. Keywords: militancy, terrorism, perspective, national security, political leadership

This is a paper that I gave to the Masters in Military Science students in the Political Science at UI. It's a gloss on the editorial from my two edited books and some of my past writings from my blog (http://www.mojubaolu.com/). It'expresses some of my sentiments about the Nigerian situation. Clearly, some events have overtaken us, the most significant being the decision of the Federal government of Nigeria on February 13, 2015, to delay the 2015 general elections for six weeks, ostensibly to fight Boko Haram and make the Northeastern states where it had been on the rampage safe. That this announcement happened on the eve of the elections that were scheduled for Valentine's Day (February 14, 2015) raises the specter of using this serious situation as part of an electioneering gimmick. The paper still remains relevant to the fundamental questions concerning the nexus between state, human and national security in Nigeria.

The growing conflict between the Nigeria state and various ethnic or religious groups such as the Odua Peoples’ Congress (OPC), Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND), Jama’atu Ahlus Sunnah Lidda’awatiwal- Jihad (People Committed to the Prophet’s Teachings and Jihad) popularly referred to as Boko Haram, has exacted a devastating effect on the safety and security of Nigerians. Since January 2009, there have been various attacks by these groups which has led to the deaths of dozens of people and large scale destruction of property. Examples of some of the attacks are the 1st of October 2010 bomb blast at the Eagle Square, Abuja, the 31st of December 2010 bombing of the Mammy market of the Mogadishu Barracks in Abuja, the INEC office bombing in Niger State before the 2011 general elections, the bombings at the Nigeria Police Force Headquarters (Louis Edet House) and the United Nations House, Abuja. The Federal Government has taken some steps to address these emerging trends of violence and bombings in the country. One of such step taken was the setting up of a presidential committee which was tasked with the responsibility of investigating the security challenges in the North Eastern part of the country. The committee was tasked with finding a lasting solution to the security challenges in the North East particularly Borno State. Among the findings of the Committee on the root cause of terror attacks in the country is the killing of Mohammed Yusuf, founder/former leader of the Boko Haram Sect indicting the Nigeria Police Force for his killing. Other findings of the Committee include militarization of security in the region by the government and increase in the number of persons killed by the hard security approach of security personnel to the problem. This unleashed more terror to the people, a feeling of dissatisfaction and insecurity. This situation has attracted the attention of various stakeholders, particularly civil society organizations, which have condemned the strategies employed by security agencies in their attempt to restore order in the region.It was against this backdrop that the 5th Policing Executive Forum on“Responding to the Emerging Trends of Terrorism in Nigeria” was organised by the Ministry of Police Affairs, the Nigeria Police Force and CLEEN Foundation, with support from the MacArthur Foundation. It brought together stakeholders in policing, public safety and security to deliberate extensively and proffer solutions to the problem. The forum had in attendance representatives from the office of the National Security Adviser, Ministry of Police Affairs, the Police Service Commission, non-governmental/faith based organisations, professional associations, media and international development partners. This publication is divided into three parts. The opening remarks which set the tone and provide the background for the discussions at the forum are reproduced in part one. Part two contains the paper presentations. The first paper titled “Understanding the Emerging Trends of Terrorism in Nigeria: A Case study of Boko Haram and Similar Groups” is presented by Dr. Abubakar Mu’azu, Department of Mass Communication and Centre for Peace and Development Studies (CPDS), University of Maiduguri. The second paper titled “Engaging Critical Stakeholders in Response to Terrorism in Nigeria” is by Mr. Olatunbosun Abolarinwa, Managing Director, Phoenixview Consulting.The third part of this publication contains the Communiqué, the report of the conference and the Anti-terrorism legislation.

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