St-John’s Newfoundland
Kingston, Ontario
Burnaby, British Columbia
Montréal, Québec
Québec, Québec
Québec, Québec
Edmonton, Alberta
Vancouver, British Columbia
Calgary, Alberta
Guelph, Ontario
Lethbridge, Alberta
Ottawa, Ontario
Saskatoon Saskatchewan
Toronto Ontario
Victoria, British Columbia
Waterloo, Ontario
Windsor, Ontario
London Ontario
Waterloo Ontario
Toronto Ontario
Program title | Website | Coordinator | Contact |
---|---|---|---|
BRAIN-CREATE Interdisciplinary training program for New Neurotechnologies at University of Calgary | Marc Poulin & Richard Wilson | [email protected] | |
McGill Program in Neuroengineering | [email protected] | ||
CIHR Training Program in Neuroinflammation | Sabrina Schramm | [email protected] | |
Neurophotonics program | Nicolas Simard |
Program title | Website | Coordinator | Canadian Contact |
---|---|---|---|
Neurasmus European Masters degree in Neuroscience | Agnès Nadjar ([email protected]) Université de Bordeaux | Martin Lévesque and Prof. Flavie Lavoie-Cardinal , Université Laval |
These lists are updated regularly. Please contact us if you notice any omissions or errors : [email protected]
Get in touch if you have any questions or comments:
There are 24 study programs available at 18 schools and universities in the world , according to Erudera.
Erudera aims to have the largest and most updated database of study programs available in the world , and new study programs are being added weekly. You can use the filters to narrow down your search or sort your results based on popularity and top rankings to find more specific study programs. Once you filter your results, you can save your chosen programs to a personal list so you can do more research or contact the universities later.
Here are the best Canada universities for Neuroscience :
Brock University
University of Toronto
University of Guelph
McMaster University
University of Saskatchewan
University of Waterloo
Dalhousie University
University of Ottawa
University of Western Ontario
Laval University
Carleton University
Medical neuroscience.
University of Lethbridge
Wilfrid Laurier University
University of British Columbia
Erudera's search functionality is still in beta and the results below are auto-generated. Although we do our best to make sure we provide accurate information, we do not take responsibility for the content published by institution representatives on this page. Please report any inaccuracies you happen to find to our support so we can improve the experience for all users.
Related fields of diciplines
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Registration is quick, easy, and allows you to browse Erudera's large index of universities, study programs, scholarships, and much more.
Updated: February 29, 2024
Below is a list of best universities in Canada ranked based on their research performance in Neuroscience. A graph of 12.8M citations received by 362K academic papers made by 71 universities in Canada was used to calculate publications' ratings, which then were adjusted for release dates and added to final scores.
We don't distinguish between undergraduate and graduate programs nor do we adjust for current majors offered. You can find information about granted degrees on a university page but always double-check with the university website.
For Neuroscience
The best cities to study Neuroscience in Canada based on the number of universities and their ranks are Toronto , Montreal , Vancouver , and London .
Psychology & neuroscience master's (msc), doctorate (phd).
Dalhousie's interdisciplinary Psychology/Neuroscience PhD program emphasizes research and independent critical thinking, undertaken with the guidance of thesis supervisors conducting world-class research in the field. The relationship between student and supervisor is a foundational element of the program, one that hones research skills and encourages the exchange of knowledge between developing and established scientists.
Dalhousie is a national and international leader in psychology and neuroscience research. PhD students play critical roles in a diverse range of research projects led by a faculty equally dedicated to teaching and research.
Research is paramount for graduate students in Dalhousie's Psychology and Psychology/Neuroscience programs. It's equally important to our faculty members, who make valuable contributions to the Psychology and Neuroscience fields through a variety of research projects.
Among the research strengths of our department are developmental and clinical psychology, cognition and cognitive neuroscience. Graduate students benefit from the mentorship and guidance of our researchers while researching topics such as:
Subject Code: | PSYO/NESC/PYNS |
---|---|
Tel: | 902-494-3417 |
Email: | |
Address: | Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University P.O. Box 15000 Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 4R2 |
Graduate Coordinator: | Dr. Shelley Adamo |
Graduate Coordinator Tel: | 902-494-8853 |
Graduate Coordinator Email: | |
Department Website & Fact Sheet: |
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 1-902-494-2211
Agricultural Campus Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada B2N 5E3 1-902-893-6600
Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 1.902.494.2211
Master of Science (MSc)
Program overview.
The Neuroscience graduate program seeks to advance research contributing to the understanding of the brain and mental health, promote independent thinking and prepare graduate leaders to excel in any field of human endeavor. The program is ideal for inquisitive students with high scholastic achievement driven to understand who and what we are, and who wish to better the mental and physical health of all members of our society. Students focus on both disease and fundamental understanding of the brain, learning in a faculty that fosters interaction between clinical and basic scientists. The research-intensive degree focuses on both disease and fundamental understanding of the brain, with first-year core courses providing a solid foundation in neurophysiology.
Courses: Topics include cellular, molecular and developmental neuroscience, systems neuroscience and neuropathology and others.
Research Ethics: Students are required to attend Research Integrity Day sessions in the first year of their program.
Seminars: Students will participate in the Hotchkiss Brain Institute seminar program and a journal club.
Research Proposal: Students must defend a written research proposal to their supervisory committee.
Thesis: Students will be required to submit and defend an original research thesis.
(Optional) Interdisciplinary Specialization I: A specialization in computational neuroscience is available. Additional information can also be found here.
(Optional) Interdisciplinary Specialization II : A specialization in medical imaging is also available. Additional information can also be found here .
Careers that demand a high degree of intellectual performance, positions of leadership, academia (teachers, administrators, researchers), medicine - clinician researchers, pharmaceutical industry, entrepreneurial endeavors, Fortune 500 companies, biomedical sales.
A master’s degree in neuroscience will give you the pre-requisite for a PhD.
Students are required to prepare a thesis and successfully defend in an open oral defense.
Two courses
Learn more about program requirements in the Academic Calendar
Time commitment.
Two years full-time; four years maximum
A supervisor is required, and must agree to oversee the student's research before admission will be granted
See the Graduate Calendar for information on fees and fee regulations, and for information on awards and financial assistance .
Explore the University of Calgary’s (UCalgary) Foothills Campus from anywhere. Experience all that the Cumming School of Medicine has to offer for interested prospective graduate students. Explore this state of the art campus from wherever you are. Discover the buildings, student services and available programs all from your preferred device.
Learn about faculty available to supervise this degree.
Michael A. Colicos
Camila Aquino
Jeff Biernaskie
Tamara Bodnar
Stephanie Borgland
Janice Braun
Veronica Bruno
Brandy Callahan
A minimum of 3.3 GPA on a 4.0 point system, over the past two years of full-time study (a minimum of 10 full-course equivalents or 60 units) of the undergraduate degree.
A four year baccalaureate degree, or equivalent from a recognized institution.
Reference letters, test scores, english language proficiency.
An applicant whose primary language is not English may fulfill the English language proficiency requirement in one of the following ways:
For admission on May 1
For admission on September 1
For admission on January 1
If you're not a Canadian or permanent resident, or if you have international credentials, make sure to learn about international requirements
Learn more about this program, department of neuroscience.
Graduate Science Education HSC G345B, 3330 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, AB T2N 2T9
Contact the Graduate Program Administrator
Visit the departmental website
Health Sciences Centre Foothills Campus, University of Calgary Calgary, ABT2N 4N1
Visit the Cumming School of Medicine website
Learn more about UCalgary by taking a virtual tour
If you're interested in this program, you might want to explore other UCalgary programs.
Thesis-based MSc
Thesis-based PhD
Thesis-based MEng
Computer science, math and statistics.
Course-based MSc
Physics and astronomy, curious about the university of calgary.
Located in the nation's most enterprising city, we are a living, growing and youthful institution that embraces change and opportunity with a can-do attitude.
Discussion forum for current, past, and future students of any discipline completing post-graduate studies - taught or research.
Hi everyone, I am currently doing my MsC in a university in Canada (not UofT or McGill). I was talking to a bunch of other grad students and they all said for neuroscience it's much better to get into a good program in the US instead of staying here. My PI is an amazing mentor and super smart and she said it's the postdoc that really matters and PhD isn't that important where you do it as long as you are perfecting your lab skills and learning new techniques. I honestly wanted to just upgrade to PhD and stay in the same lab, but I was talking to a senior PhD student and she mentioned that she wouldn't recommend staying because 1) we only have 2 senior PhD students, one graduating soon, and no postdocs 2) the PI is rarely around 3) last publication the lab had was in 2017ish and she has very high standards for publishing; so if it's not good enough she doesn't even bother looking at it to fix it until later. I love the lab and love the PI because she makes me more and more interested in science in general, but I don't think staying here would be beneficial for me in the long run because I want to start my own lab in the future. I would love to know what folks think or if anybody had a similar-ish experience. Or even advice about US vs Canada grad life/opportunities would be appreciated xD
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Go to programs search
The Graduate Program in Neuroscience strives to educate and support graduate students as they expand the breadth and depth of their knowledge about the brain through enriching research experiences. The program embraces principles of equity, diversity and inclusion and recognizes and accommodates individual needs and academic backgrounds. Through two core courses on molecular/cellular and systems neuroscience, respectively, students in the program develop a broadly based and applicable neuroscientific knowledge base. Additional related courses are available for selection by the student and their supervisor. The program is research-oriented and students engage in research from the start of their studies. Research is undertaken in the laboratory of the supervisor and in their affiliated home department, over a wide range of basic and clinical neuroscience topics. With its inter-departmental structure, the program offers collaborative research opportunities that extend beyond the usual boundaries of neuroscience.
For specific program requirements, please refer to the departmental program website
The Graduate Program in Neuroscience is a multidisciplinary program administered under the Faculty of Medicine and the Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health at the University of British Columbia. It offers a coordinated program of graduate studies leading to MSc and PhD degrees in Neuroscience. The objective of the program is to educate graduate students as neuroscientists with intensive experience in at least one area of research, and to ensure that students in the program develop a broadly based knowledge of the neurosciences.
The program is comprised of more than 120 faculty members representing 20+ departments from the Faculties of Medicine, Science, and Arts at the University of British Columbia. Laboratory and teaching areas are located across the UBC campus, at UBC Hospital and Vancouver General Hospital.
Our faculty have research collaborations that span across departments, industries, and international borders. Although the program is inter-departmental, various regular seminars, journal clubs, and invited lectures provide ample opportunity to meet and discuss current topics in neuroscience. The program encourages its graduate students to participate in the many academic and social events organized by the Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and by the program’s student association.
Program enquiries, admission information & requirements, 1) check eligibility, minimum academic requirements.
The Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies establishes the minimum admission requirements common to all applicants, usually a minimum overall average in the B+ range (76% at UBC). The graduate program that you are applying to may have additional requirements. Please review the specific requirements for applicants with credentials from institutions in:
Each program may set higher academic minimum requirements. Please review the program website carefully to understand the program requirements. Meeting the minimum requirements does not guarantee admission as it is a competitive process.
Applicants from a university outside Canada in which English is not the primary language of instruction must provide results of an English language proficiency examination as part of their application. Tests must have been taken within the last 24 months at the time of submission of your application.
Minimum requirements for the two most common English language proficiency tests to apply to this program are listed below:
Overall score requirement : 100
Overall score requirement : 7.0
Some programs require additional test scores such as the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or the Graduate Management Test (GMAT). The requirements for this program are:
The GRE is not required.
September 2025 intake, application open date, canadian applicants, international applicants, deadline explanations.
Deadline to submit online application. No changes can be made to the application after submission.
Deadline to upload scans of official transcripts through the applicant portal in support of a submitted application. Information for accessing the applicant portal will be provided after submitting an online application for admission.
Deadline for the referees identified in the application for admission to submit references. See Letters of Reference for more information.
Transcripts.
All applicants have to submit transcripts from all past post-secondary study. Document submission requirements depend on whether your institution of study is within Canada or outside of Canada.
A minimum of three references are required for application to graduate programs at UBC. References should be requested from individuals who are prepared to provide a report on your academic ability and qualifications.
Many programs require a statement of interest , sometimes called a "statement of intent", "description of research interests" or something similar.
Students in research-based programs usually require a faculty member to function as their thesis supervisor. Please follow the instructions provided by each program whether applicants should contact faculty members.
Whereas a commitment from a supervisor is not required prior to applying to the program, a supervisor is required for admission. Please view Graduate Program in Neuroscience faculty here: https://neuroscience.ubc.ca/faculty/. When contacting potential supervisors, we recommend including a CV, unofficial academic transcript, and a brief and specific explanation of why you are interested in joining that particular lab.
Permanent Residents of Canada must provide a clear photocopy of both sides of the Permanent Resident card.
All applicants must complete an online application form and pay the application fee to be considered for admission to UBC.
Research facilities.
With more than 155,000 square feet of space, the Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health has both laboratory and clinical research areas within the Centre proper and in the UBC Hospital Koerner Pavilion. Our core facilities are essential to ongoing collaboration, teaching, and research.
Fees | Canadian Citizen / Permanent Resident / Refugee / Diplomat | International |
---|---|---|
$114.00 | $168.25 | |
Tuition * | ||
Installments per year | 3 | 3 |
Tuition | $1,838.57 | $3,230.06 |
Tuition (plus annual increase, usually 2%-5%) | $5,515.71 | $9,690.18 |
Int. Tuition Award (ITA) per year ( ) | $3,200.00 (-) | |
Other Fees and Costs | ||
(yearly) | $1,116.60 (approx.) | |
Estimate your with our interactive tool in order to start developing a financial plan for your graduate studies. |
Applicants to UBC have access to a variety of funding options, including merit-based (i.e. based on your academic performance) and need-based (i.e. based on your financial situation) opportunities.
There is a minimum funding stipend provided by each supervisor. For MSc students, the stipend is $22,500 per annum for two years. The funding package may consist of any combination of internal or external awards, teaching assistantships and research assistantships. Supervisors are encouraged to top up the minimum stipend in recognition of the high cost of living in Vancouver.
All applicants are encouraged to review the awards listing to identify potential opportunities to fund their graduate education. The database lists merit-based scholarships and awards and allows for filtering by various criteria, such as domestic vs. international or degree level.
Many professors are able to provide Research Assistantships (GRA) from their research grants to support full-time graduate students studying under their supervision. The duties constitute part of the student's graduate degree requirements. A Graduate Research Assistantship is considered a form of fellowship for a period of graduate study and is therefore not covered by a collective agreement. Stipends vary widely, and are dependent on the field of study and the type of research grant from which the assistantship is being funded.
Graduate programs may have Teaching Assistantships available for registered full-time graduate students. Full teaching assistantships involve 12 hours work per week in preparation, lecturing, or laboratory instruction although many graduate programs offer partial TA appointments at less than 12 hours per week. Teaching assistantship rates are set by collective bargaining between the University and the Teaching Assistants' Union .
Academic Assistantships are employment opportunities to perform work that is relevant to the university or to an individual faculty member, but not to support the student’s graduate research and thesis. Wages are considered regular earnings and when paid monthly, include vacation pay.
Canadian and US applicants may qualify for governmental loans to finance their studies. Please review eligibility and types of loans .
All students may be able to access private sector or bank loans.
Many foreign governments provide support to their citizens in pursuing education abroad. International applicants should check the various governmental resources in their home country, such as the Department of Education, for available scholarships.
The possibility to pursue work to supplement income may depend on the demands the program has on students. It should be carefully weighed if work leads to prolonged program durations or whether work placements can be meaningfully embedded into a program.
International students enrolled as full-time students with a valid study permit can work on campus for unlimited hours and work off-campus for no more than 20 hours a week.
A good starting point to explore student jobs is the UBC Work Learn program or a Co-Op placement .
Students with taxable income in Canada may be able to claim federal or provincial tax credits.
Canadian residents with RRSP accounts may be able to use the Lifelong Learning Plan (LLP) which allows students to withdraw amounts from their registered retirement savings plan (RRSPs) to finance full-time training or education for themselves or their partner.
Please review Filing taxes in Canada on the student services website for more information.
Applicants have access to the cost estimator to develop a financial plan that takes into account various income sources and expenses.
The 2-3 year MSc in Neuroscience is designed to prepare students for employment in the public or private sector, or to pursue further studies in the PhD program. Recent graduates have taken positions at Weston Brain Institute, BC Cancer Center, Science World and many other organizations. Those looking to pursue a PhD in Neuroscience have gone on to study at other universities as well as our own PhD program.
These statistics show data for the Master of Science in Neuroscience (MSc). Data are separated for each degree program combination. You may view data for other degree options in the respective program profile.
2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Applications | 122 | 124 | 116 | 85 | 63 |
Offers | 20 | 24 | 25 | 16 | 19 |
New Registrations | 15 | 18 | 21 | 14 | 14 |
Total Enrolment | 49 | 49 | 45 | 40 | 41 |
These videos contain some general advice from faculty across UBC on finding and reaching out to a supervisor. They are not program specific.
This list shows faculty members with full supervisory privileges who are affiliated with this program. It is not a comprehensive list of all potential supervisors as faculty from other programs or faculty members without full supervisory privileges can request approvals to supervise graduate students in this program.
Same specialization.
Specialization.
Neuroscience offers these core courses: Neuroanatomy, Neurophysiology, Neurochemistry, Psychobiology, Molecular Neurobiology, and Neuropharmacology.
Program website, faculty overview, academic unit, program identifier, classification, social media channels, supervisor search.
Departments/Programs may update graduate degree program details through the Faculty & Staff portal. To update contact details for application inquiries, please use this form .
Our community of scholars is one of the world’s finest, committed to discovering and sharing knowledge, and to tackling the challenges that face our world.
Myriam kornisch, phd.
304 Dunn Hall
Dr. Kornisch is an assistant professor and the director of the Speech & Cognition NeuroLab. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Canterbury (New Zealand) and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at McGill University (Canada). Her general research interests are in cognitive neuroscience and she specializes in neurogenic communication disorders and bilingualism. Dr. Kornisch currently examines (1) speech changes after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson’s disease and (2) resting-state functional connectivity associated with Parkinson’s disease, as well as (3) cerebral hemispheric differences and executive functions in monolingual/bilingual people who stutter. Prior to her academic work, she has worked as a speech-language pathologist and clinical supervisor.
Professional Memberships & Affiliations
Editorial Board
Selection of Peer-Reviewed Publications & Presentations
Kornisch M., Gonzalez C., Gray L., Ikuta T. (December 2024). The Role of the Posterior Cingulate Cortex in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association . Seattle, Washington, USA.
Kornisch M., Gonzalez C., Ikuta T. (2024). Functional Connectivity of the Posterior Cingulate Cortex in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging .
Kornisch M., Gonzalez C., Morphis, E., Park H., Ikuta T. (September 2023). Speech Changes after Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson’s Disease. 13 th Oxford Dysfluency Conference . Oxford, UK (conference cancelled).
Park, H. Obermeyer, J., Kornisch, M., Hall, J., Ontario, C. (2023). Semantic Aspects of Verb Production in Various Discourse Tasks in People with Nonfluent Aphasia. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
Llewelyn, L. E., Kornisch, M., Park, H, Ikuta, T. (2022). Hippocampal Functional Connectivity in Parkinson’s Disease. Neurodegenerative Diseases . 22 (1), 29–33.
Park H., Obermeyer J., Kornisch M. (May 2022). Semantic Aspects of Verb Production in Various Discourse Tasks in People with Nonfluent Aphasia. 51 st Clinical Aphasiology Conference . Wrightville Beach, NC, USA.
Kornisch, M. (2021). Bilinguals who Stutter: A Cognitive Perspective. Journal of Fluency Disorders , 67 (1), 105819.
Snyder G., McKnight P., Manahan A., Kornisch M. (November 2021). Differential Effects of Verbal and Written Stuttering Disclosures on Perceptions of a Child Who Stutters. Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association . Washington, D.C., USA.
Kornisch, M., Robb, M.P., Jones, R. (November 2019). Dichotic Listening Performance: Monolingual & Bilingual People Who Stutter. Annual Convention of the American Speech, Language and Hearing Association . Orlando, USA.
Kornisch, M., Robb M. P., & Jones R. D. (2017). Estimates of functional cerebral hemispheric differences in monolingual and bilingual people who stutter: Visual hemifield paradigm. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics , 31(4), 251-265.
Kornisch, M., Robb, M.P., Jones, R., & Huckabee, M.L. (November 2014). Estimates of Hemispheric Asymmetry in Monolingual and Bilingual People who Stutter. Annual Convention of the American Speech, Language and Hearing Association . Orlando, USA.
Assistant Professor
myriam.kornisch@maine.edu
Dr. Kornisch's Faculty Page
Advertisement
The great barnard college diploma mix-up.
Many graduates received someone else’s diploma in the mail. The college blamed a clerical error.
By James Barron
Good morning. It’s Monday. Today we’ll look at why some Barnard College diplomas were recently mailed to the wrong graduates. We’ll also look at why more migrants are sleeping on city streets, in parks and on the subway.
After four years of grinding out papers, cramming for exams and paying more than $250,000 in tuition, graduates of a prestigious college expect something to show for it: diplomas with their names on it.
But the diplomas that many 2024 graduates of Barnard College received carried someone else’s name.
Students who received the wrong diplomas said that the envelope from Barnard carried a graduate’s name above a different graduate’s address. The diploma inside — written in Latin and embossed with Barnard’s official seal — carried the same name as the one on the envelope. The Postal Service went by the addresses.
That all only compounded the confusion. Barnard had used the addresses of the graduates’ parents. In the weeks since Barnard’s commencement, on May 15 at Radio City Music Hall, many parents had been on the lookout for an envelope large enough to hold a diploma.
“It’s a very first-world problem to get the wrong diploma,” said Sydney Gerlach, who was in New York when her mother in Colorado opened the envelope. “The fact that I was in a position where I could get a diploma from a really prestigious four-year college, I’m very privileged. But I was still annoyed because it was not the easiest four years. I started college during Covid, and it was hard to feel celebratory at graduation because of everything happening on campus.”
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Biofilms prevent pseudomonas aeruginosa toxins from being detected by sensory neurons, tricking the body into not looking sick..
Sahana is a science journalist and an intern at The Scientist, with a background in neuroscience and microbiology. She has previously written for Live Science, Massive Science, and eLife.
View full profile.
Learn about our editorial policies.
ABOVE: New research shows that biofilm forming bacteria in lung infections can hide from sensory neurons that relay information to the brain. ©istock, wildpixel
W hen someone catches a lung infection, be it viral or bacterial, they usually show tell-tale symptoms, such as weakness, breathing difficulties, or brain fog. These indicators signal others to keep a safe distance from the contagious individual. But Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause a range of lung infections , from mild bronchitis to life-threatening pneumonia, that are acutely asymptomatic yet cause inflammation and destruction of tissue. 1
In chronic infections , these bacteria form a biofilm of extracellular polymer matrix around themselves that shields them from antimicrobials, enzymes, and neutrophils. 2 Now, in a paper published in Cell , a group of scientists investigated the underlying mechanism and reported that the biofilm hides Pseudomonas bacteria from sensory neurons in mice, preventing signals from reaching the brain and reducing sickness symptoms. 3 These findings provide a deeper understanding of how biofilm-forming bacteria evade the lung-to-brain communication channel, a potentially crucial tactic in persistent infections.
Almost a decade ago, Elise Granton , currently a physician-immunologist at the University of Calgary and coauthor of the study, tested the effects of P. aeruginosa in mouse lungs using two variants: one that formed a biofilm and one that did not. “We thought this would be pretty simple,” said Bryan Yipp , a physician-immunologist at the University of Calgary and coauthor of the study. “We just could not pin down the exact reason why some of the mice were sick without the biofilm and the biofilm mice were completely unsick,” he added. The team knew that neutrophils could sense the bacteria with or without biofilm, so they started to look beyond the immune system. “Maybe the biofilm is hiding the bacteria. What could it be hiding?” Yipp wondered.
Previous studies showed that one of the main bacterial toxins, a surface molecule called lipopolysaccharide (LPS) , that causes inflammation and other symptoms is shielded by biofilm components. 4 To understand how the exposure of LPS causes sickness, the team studied the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), an LPS receptor. When mice lacking TLR4 in nociceptive sensory neurons were infected with non-biofilm forming bacteria, they showed reductions in hypothermia and overall sickness scores. To tease this apart further, the researchers specifically knocked out TLR4 in the lung nociceptive neurons and exposed the cells to bacteria that did not form a biofilm. Mice with intact TLR4 displayed characteristic illness symptoms, while those lacking the receptor showed drastically reduced sickness symptoms.
The turning point came when Luke Brown , a PhD candidate at the University of Calgary and coauthor of the study, joined the project. Once they knew that sensory neurons could ‘see’ the bacteria, Yipp and his team wondered how this interaction might send signals to the brain to bring about behavioral changes. They reached out to Deborah Kurrasch and Jaideep Bains , behavioral neuroscientists at the University of Calgary, to find answers to their questions.
“[We] asked them, ‘Are we totally crazy?’” Yipp recounted. “And quite quickly, the people that are invested in stress responses and behavior said it's probably the hypothalamus and it's probably these neurons. To them, it made perfect sense!”
Following up on this thread, the team looked into the hypothalamus and saw that a greater number of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons showed activity after treating the lungs with LPS in control mice as compared to those lacking TLR4 in neurons. CRH neurons respond to stress and modify behavior accordingly. 5 Blocking the activity of CRH neurons in mice treated with non-biofilm bacteria alleviated their symptomatic sickness.
“We're just beginning to understand how the brain becomes aware that there are infections in the body. What's exciting is that now there seems to be a diversity of different neurons that can detect different types of pathogens and relay the signals to the brain to evoke sickness,” said Stephen Liberles , a neuroscientist at Harvard Medical School who was not involved in the study.
Next, the team will study different types of lung infections and their interactions with the nervous and immune systems. “We're totally thinking in a different way. How many neurological processes, your mood, and definable pathological diseases might originate because of things that have gotten into the lung and activated the neural system,” Yipp said.
New research identifies the relationship benefits of putting your partner first..
Posted August 17, 2024 | Reviewed by Tyler Woods
When you think about what keeps your relationship running smoothly, some of the first possibilities probably involve such factors as attraction or passion. You might also nominate good conflict resolution as another contributor to the ongoing satisfaction you and your partner experience. Communication might come in as another close contender. However, what if the essential element is one you’ve never considered at all? Are you missing important insights?
According to a new study by Utrecht University’s Reince van der Wal and colleagues (2024), it’s not just you who fails to detect obvious clues. As the Dutch authors note, when things are going badly, people take stock of such factors as their partner’s faults, or perhaps their own. “But,” they note, “what about the potential impact of our own cherished values?” Could these “imperil our chances of success at happiness in our romantic relationships ?” (p. 1066).
Once you stop and think about this eye-opening proposition, it starts to make sense. Perhaps the last argument you had with your partner was about who was willing to sacrifice for whom. You would love to go out and enjoy the nice weather on a sunny day, but your partner is dragged down in a work project that has to be completed the next day, sunshine or not. How can your partner be so selfish, you ask yourself? Frustrated and annoyed, you head out on your own, stewing all the time about how you wish you had your partner’s companionship.
Peeling through the layers of this dilemma, consider the possibility that you and your partner are experiencing a conflict not in emotions but in values. Sure, your partner could drop everything and spend the afternoon with you, but that would violate your partner’s value of achievement. Or, you could take your partner’s point of view and realize that your demand is, under the circumstances, a bit selfish. In either case, there’s a values mismatch.
The types of values that will bear most strongly on relationship well-being, van der Wal et al. propose, are “self-transcendence,” in which you are able to focus on the other person’s best interests, not your own. If, alternatively, you value “self-enhancement,” you’ll be in it for yourself. Not only does self-transcendence mean you place your partner’s well-being on a higher rung of the ladder than your own, but you will be more likely to forgive , make sacrifices, and support your partner.
The theory driving the Utrecht U. study is based on a circular model of values in which self-transcendence is on the opposite side of a wheel from self-enhancement. The complete set of values on the wheel fall into these categories:
These terms lend themselves easily to questions you could ask yourself about where you and your partner stack up on each set of values, as well as the all-important self-enhancement vs. -transcendent qualities. Some sample questions from the values measure the authors used in their work include “caring for the well-being of people he or she is close to is important to him or her” (self-transcendence) and “he or she thinks it is important to be ambitious” (self-enhancement). The job of the participant was to rate how closely this fictitious person was to themselves (“not at all” to “very much like me”).
Across a series of five studies with online adult participants, the authors tested the correlations between personal values and relationship satisfaction, with four studies based on self-reports only and the fifth on dyadic (couple) data. The first four studies confirmed the prediction that people higher in self-transcendent values would have higher relationship satisfaction. Additionally, these studies showed that part of this finding was driven by intrinsic motivation in the relationship (valuing the partner for who they are) and communal strength (being willing to respond to the partner’s needs).
In the fifth study, the research team included both members of the couple (562 couples ages 18 to 82). This allowed them to test the “APIM” statistic (actor-partner interdependence model), evaluating each partner’s individual and joint contributions to the results. Surprisingly, it was only the actor’s values (not the partner’s) that predicted relationship quality. Instead of the “reality” of the partner’s values, satisfaction is driven by one’s own “beneficial illusions about the quality of the relationship” (p. 1076), the authors concluded.
The Dutch findings suggest that if you’re seeking to improve your own happiness within a committed relationship, you take stock of your own values, specifically self-transcendence. Indeed, it somewhat surprised the authors to learn that all of those other values on the wheel had little to do with relationship satisfaction, countering “evidence that the prevention of relationship boredom is crucial in romantic relationships” (p. 1076).
The fact that the partner’s values or perceptions had little to do with predicting relationship satisfaction may seem a little discomforting to you, though. Does this mean that you always have to put your partner first? Are you never allowed to entertain a selfish desire, even one as innocent as dragging your partner away from their work on a nice day?
To answer this question, it’s necessary to drill a little bit further into the meaning of “self-transcendence.” You don’t always have to give in to your partner, but if you’re higher on this value, you’ll be more tuned in to your partner’s emotional state. Valuing the relationship (intrinsic motivation), you’ll be better able to see the big picture in terms of what matters to keep the relationship flourishing. At the same time, the relationship will play a larger role in defining your own sense of self.
There is also the possibility that, given the study’s correlational nature, the happier you are, the more likely you are to put your partner’s needs first. Having self-transcendent values could be an outcome of a good relationship that continues to benefit your well-being. Extrapolating further, maybe you’ve learned through your relationship to be a bit more selfless in general, even with people who aren’t your romantic partner.
To sum up, a satisfying relationship may allow you to grow in ways you don’t even realize, Sensitivity to your partner’s needs can help you grow not only as a partner, but as an individual who can adopt a fulfilling set of personal values.
van der Wal, R. C., Litzellachner, L., Buiter, N., Breukel, J., Karremans, J. C., & Maio, G. R. (2023). Values in Romantic Relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin . Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672231156975
Susan Krauss Whitbourne, Ph.D. , is a Professor Emerita of Psychological and Brain Sciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Her latest book is The Search for Fulfillment.
Sticking up for yourself is no easy task. But there are concrete skills you can use to hone your assertiveness and advocate for yourself.
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