nuclear power plant paper presentation

IEEE Account

• Change Username/Password
• Update Address

Purchase Details

• Payment Options
• Order History
• View Purchased Documents

Profile Information

• Communications Preferences
• Profession and Education
• Technical Interests
• US & Canada: +1 800 678 4333
• Worldwide: +1 732 981 0060
• Contact & Support
• About IEEE Xplore
• Accessibility
• Terms of Use
• Nondiscrimination Policy
• Privacy & Opting Out of Cookies

A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. © Copyright 2024 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.

Create an account

Create a free IEA account to download our reports or subcribe to a paid service.

Nuclear Power in a Clean Energy System

About this report.

With nuclear power facing an uncertain future in many countries, the world risks a steep decline in its use in advanced economies that could result in billions of tonnes of additional carbon emissions. Some countries have opted out of nuclear power in light of concerns about safety and other issues. Many others, however, still see a role for nuclear in their energy transitions but are not doing enough to meet their goals.

The publication of the IEA's first report addressing nuclear power in nearly two decades brings this important topic back into the global energy debate.

Key findings

Nuclear power is the second-largest source of low-carbon electricity today.

Nuclear power is the second-largest source of low-carbon electricity today, with 452 operating reactors providing 2700 TWh of electricity in 2018, or 10% of global electricity supply.

In advanced economies, nuclear has long been the largest source of low-carbon electricity, providing 18% of supply in 2018. Yet nuclear is quickly losing ground. While 11.2 GW of new nuclear capacity was connected to power grids globally in 2018 – the highest total since 1990 – these additions were concentrated in China and Russia.

Global low-carbon power generation by source, 2018

Cumulative co2 emissions avoided by global nuclear power in selected countries, 1971-2018, an aging nuclear fleet.

In the absense of further lifetime extensions and new projects could result in an additional 4 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions, underlining the importance of the nuclear fleet to low-carbon energy transitions around the globe. In emerging and developing economies, particularly China, the nuclear fleet will provide low-carbon electricity for decades to come.

However the nuclear fleet in advanced economies is 35 years old on average and many plants are nearing the end of their designed lifetimes. Given their age, plants are beginning to close, with 25% of existing nuclear capacity in advanced economies expected to be shut down by 2025.

It is considerably cheaper to extend the life of a reactor than build a new plant, and costs of extensions are competitive with other clean energy options, including new solar PV and wind projects. Nevertheless they still represent a substantial capital investment. The estimated cost of extending the operational life of 1 GW of nuclear capacity for at least 10 years ranges from $500 million to just over $1 billion depending on the condition of the site.

However difficult market conditions are a barrier to lifetime extension investments. An extended period of low wholesale electricity prices in most advanced economies has sharply reduced or eliminated margins for many technologies, putting nuclear at risk of shutting down early if additional investments are needed. As such, the feasibility of extensions depends largely on domestic market conditions.

Age profile of nuclear power capacity in selected regions, 2019

United states, levelised cost of electricity in the united states, 2040, european union, levelised cost of electricity in the european union, 2040, levelised cost of electricity in japan, 2040, the nuclear fade case, nuclear capacity operating in selected advanced economies in the nuclear fade case, 2018-2040, wind and solar pv generation by scenario 2019-2040, policy recommendations.

In this context, countries that intend to retain the option of nuclear power should consider the following actions:

• Keep the option open:  Authorise lifetime extensions of existing nuclear plants for as long as safely possible. 
• Value dispatchability:  Design the electricity market in a way that properly values the system services needed to maintain electricity security, including capacity availability and frequency control services. Make sure that the providers of these services, including nuclear power plants, are compensated in a competitive and non-discriminatory manner.
• Value non-market benefits:  Establish a level playing field for nuclear power with other low-carbon energy sources in recognition of its environmental and energy security benefits and remunerate it accordingly.
• Update safety regulations:  Where necessary, update safety regulations in order to ensure the continued safe operation of nuclear plants. Where technically possible, this should include allowing flexible operation of nuclear power plants to supply ancillary services.
• Create a favourable financing framework:  Create risk management and financing frameworks that facilitate the mobilisation of capital for new and existing plants at an acceptable cost taking the risk profile and long time-horizons of nuclear projects into consideration.
• Support new construction:  Ensure that licensing processes do not lead to project delays and cost increases that are not justified by safety requirements.
• Support innovative new reactor designs:  Accelerate innovation in new reactor designs with lower capital costs and shorter lead times and technologies that improve the operating flexibility of nuclear power plants to facilitate the integration of growing wind and solar capacity into the electricity system.
• Maintain human capital:  Protect and develop the human capital and project management capabilities in nuclear engineering.

Executive summary

Nuclear power can play an important role in clean energy transitions.

Nuclear power today makes a significant contribution to electricity generation, providing 10% of global electricity supply in 2018.  In advanced economies 1 , nuclear power accounts for 18% of generation and is the largest low-carbon source of electricity. However, its share of global electricity supply has been declining in recent years. That has been driven by advanced economies, where nuclear fleets are ageing, additions of new capacity have dwindled to a trickle, and some plants built in the 1970s and 1980s have been retired. This has slowed the transition towards a clean electricity system. Despite the impressive growth of solar and wind power, the overall share of clean energy sources in total electricity supply in 2018, at 36%, was the same as it was 20 years earlier because of the decline in nuclear. Halting that slide will be vital to stepping up the pace of the decarbonisation of electricity supply.

A range of technologies, including nuclear power, will be needed for clean energy transitions around the world.  Global energy is increasingly based around electricity. That means the key to making energy systems clean is to turn the electricity sector from the largest producer of CO 2 emissions into a low-carbon source that reduces fossil fuel emissions in areas like transport, heating and industry. While renewables are expected to continue to lead, nuclear power can also play an important part along with fossil fuels using carbon capture, utilisation and storage. Countries envisaging a future role for nuclear account for the bulk of global energy demand and CO 2 emissions. But to achieve a trajectory consistent with sustainability targets – including international climate goals – the expansion of clean electricity would need to be three times faster than at present. It would require 85% of global electricity to come from clean sources by 2040, compared with just 36% today. Along with massive investments in efficiency and renewables, the trajectory would need an 80% increase in global nuclear power production by 2040.

Nuclear power plants contribute to electricity security in multiple ways.  Nuclear plants help to keep power grids stable. To a certain extent, they can adjust their operations to follow demand and supply shifts. As the share of variable renewables like wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) rises, the need for such services will increase. Nuclear plants can help to limit the impacts from seasonal fluctuations in output from renewables and bolster energy security by reducing dependence on imported fuels.

Lifetime extensions of nuclear power plants are crucial to getting the energy transition back on track

Policy and regulatory decisions remain critical to the fate of ageing reactors in advanced economies.  The average age of their nuclear fleets is 35 years. The European Union and the United States have the largest active nuclear fleets (over 100 gigawatts each), and they are also among the oldest: the average reactor is 35 years old in the European Union and 39 years old in the United States. The original design lifetime for operations was 40 years in most cases. Around one quarter of the current nuclear capacity in advanced economies is set to be shut down by 2025 – mainly because of policies to reduce nuclear’s role. The fate of the remaining capacity depends on decisions about lifetime extensions in the coming years. In the United States, for example, some 90 reactors have 60-year operating licenses, yet several have already been retired early and many more are at risk. In Europe, Japan and other advanced economies, extensions of plants’ lifetimes also face uncertain prospects.

Economic factors are also at play.  Lifetime extensions are considerably cheaper than new construction and are generally cost-competitive with other electricity generation technologies, including new wind and solar projects. However, they still need significant investment to replace and refurbish key components that enable plants to continue operating safely. Low wholesale electricity and carbon prices, together with new regulations on the use of water for cooling reactors, are making some plants in the United States financially unviable. In addition, markets and regulatory systems often penalise nuclear power by not pricing in its value as a clean energy source and its contribution to electricity security. As a result, most nuclear power plants in advanced economies are at risk of closing prematurely.

The hurdles to investment in new nuclear projects in advanced economies are daunting

What happens with plans to build new nuclear plants will significantly affect the chances of achieving clean energy transitions.  Preventing premature decommissioning and enabling longer extensions would reduce the need to ramp up renewables. But without new construction, nuclear power can only provide temporary support for the shift to cleaner energy systems. The biggest barrier to new nuclear construction is mobilising investment.  Plans to build new nuclear plants face concerns about competitiveness with other power generation technologies and the very large size of nuclear projects that require billions of dollars in upfront investment. Those doubts are especially strong in countries that have introduced competitive wholesale markets.

A number of challenges specific to the nature of nuclear power technology may prevent investment from going ahead.  The main obstacles relate to the sheer scale of investment and long lead times; the risk of construction problems, delays and cost overruns; and the possibility of future changes in policy or the electricity system itself. There have been long delays in completing advanced reactors that are still being built in Finland, France and the United States. They have turned out to cost far more than originally expected and dampened investor interest in new projects. For example, Korea has a much better record of completing construction of new projects on time and on budget, although the country plans to reduce its reliance on nuclear power.

Without nuclear investment, achieving a sustainable energy system will be much harder

A collapse in investment in existing and new nuclear plants in advanced economies would have implications for emissions, costs and energy security.  In the case where no further investments are made in advanced economies to extend the operating lifetime of existing nuclear power plants or to develop new projects, nuclear power capacity in those countries would decline by around two-thirds by 2040. Under the current policy ambitions of governments, while renewable investment would continue to grow, gas and, to a lesser extent, coal would play significant roles in replacing nuclear. This would further increase the importance of gas for countries’ electricity security. Cumulative CO 2 emissions would rise by 4 billion tonnes by 2040, adding to the already considerable difficulties of reaching emissions targets. Investment needs would increase by almost USD 340 billion as new power generation capacity and supporting grid infrastructure is built to offset retiring nuclear plants.

Achieving the clean energy transition with less nuclear power is possible but would require an extraordinary effort.  Policy makers and regulators would have to find ways to create the conditions to spur the necessary investment in other clean energy technologies. Advanced economies would face a sizeable shortfall of low-carbon electricity. Wind and solar PV would be the main sources called upon to replace nuclear, and their pace of growth would need to accelerate at an unprecedented rate. Over the past 20 years, wind and solar PV capacity has increased by about 580 GW in advanced economies. But in the next 20 years, nearly five times that much would need to be built to offset nuclear’s decline. For wind and solar PV to achieve that growth, various non-market barriers would need to be overcome such as public and social acceptance of the projects themselves and the associated expansion in network infrastructure. Nuclear power, meanwhile, can contribute to easing the technical difficulties of integrating renewables and lowering the cost of transforming the electricity system.

With nuclear power fading away, electricity systems become less flexible.  Options to offset this include new gas-fired power plants, increased storage (such as pumped storage, batteries or chemical technologies like hydrogen) and demand-side actions (in which consumers are encouraged to shift or lower their consumption in real time in response to price signals). Increasing interconnection with neighbouring systems would also provide additional flexibility, but its effectiveness diminishes when all systems in a region have very high shares of wind and solar PV.

Offsetting less nuclear power with more renewables would cost more

Taking nuclear out of the equation results in higher electricity prices for consumers.  A sharp decline in nuclear in advanced economies would mean a substantial increase in investment needs for other forms of power generation and the electricity network. Around USD 1.6 trillion in additional investment would be required in the electricity sector in advanced economies from 2018 to 2040. Despite recent declines in wind and solar costs, adding new renewable capacity requires considerably more capital investment than extending the lifetimes of existing nuclear reactors. The need to extend the transmission grid to connect new plants and upgrade existing lines to handle the extra power output also increases costs. The additional investment required in advanced economies would not be offset by savings in operational costs, as fuel costs for nuclear power are low, and operation and maintenance make up a minor portion of total electricity supply costs. Without widespread lifetime extensions or new projects, electricity supply costs would be close to USD 80 billion higher per year on average for advanced economies as a whole.

Strong policy support is needed to secure investment in existing and new nuclear plants

Countries that have kept the option of using nuclear power need to reform their policies to ensure competition on a level playing field.  They also need to address barriers to investment in lifetime extensions and new capacity. The focus should be on designing electricity markets in a way that values the clean energy and energy security attributes of low-carbon technologies, including nuclear power.

Securing investment in new nuclear plants would require more intrusive policy intervention given the very high cost of projects and unfavourable recent experiences in some countries.  Investment policies need to overcome financing barriers through a combination of long-term contracts, price guarantees and direct state investment.

Interest is rising in advanced nuclear technologies that suit private investment such as small modular reactors (SMRs).  This technology is still at the development stage. There is a case for governments to promote it through funding for research and development, public-private partnerships for venture capital and early deployment grants. Standardisation of reactor designs would be crucial to benefit from economies of scale in the manufacturing of SMRs.

Continued activity in the operation and development of nuclear technology is required to maintain skills and expertise.  The relatively slow pace of nuclear deployment in advanced economies in recent years means there is a risk of losing human capital and technical know-how. Maintaining human skills and industrial expertise should be a priority for countries that aim to continue relying on nuclear power.

The following recommendations are directed at countries that intend to retain the option of nuclear power. The IEA makes no recommendations to countries that have chosen not to use nuclear power in their clean energy transition and respects their choice to do so.

• Keep the option open:  Authorise lifetime extensions of existing nuclear plants for as long as safely possible.
• Value non-market benefits:  Establish a level playing field for nuclear power with other low carbon energy sources in recognition of its environmental and energy security benefits and remunerate it accordingly.
• Create an attractive financing framework:  Set up risk management and financing frameworks that can help mobilise capital for new and existing plants at an acceptable cost, taking the risk profile and long time horizons of nuclear projects into consideration.
• Support new construction:  Ensure that licensing processes do not lead to project delays and cost increases that are not justified by safety requirements. Support standardisation and enable learning-by-doing across the industry.
• Support innovative new reactor designs:  Accelerate innovation in new reactor designs, such as small modular reactors (SMRs), with lower capital costs and shorter lead times and technologies that improve the operating flexibility of nuclear power plants to facilitate the integration of growing wind and solar capacity into the electricity system.

Advanced economies consist of Australia, Canada, Chile, the 28 members of the European Union, Iceland, Israel, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey and the United States.

Reference 1

Cite report.

IEA (2019), Nuclear Power in a Clean Energy System , IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/nuclear-power-in-a-clean-energy-system, Licence: CC BY 4.0

Share this report

• Share on Twitter Twitter
• Share on Facebook Facebook
• Share on LinkedIn LinkedIn
• Share on Email Email
• Share on Print Print

Subscription successful

Thank you for subscribing. You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link at the bottom of any IEA newsletter.

• My presentations

Auth with social network:

Download presentation

We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social system. Share buttons are a little bit lower. Thank you!

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT.

Published by Richard Dawson Modified over 6 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "NUCLEAR POWER PLANT."— Presentation transcript:

Nuclear Power. Source: Uranium-235 Process: – An unstable uranium nucleus is bombarded with a neutron and splits into two smaller nuclei and some neutrons.

Splitting The Atom Nuclear Fission. Fission Large mass nuclei split into two or more smaller mass nuclei –Preferably mass numbers closer to 56 Neutrons.

Nuclear Power By: Jace Wherry. Nuclear energy is created from the splitting of uranium atoms in a process called fission. Fission releases energy that.

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT. NUCLEAR FUEL  Nuclear fuel is any material that can be consumed to derive nuclear energy. The most common type of nuclear fuel is.

Section 3.  Inside the nucleus of the atom contains protons and neutrons.  Nuclear reactions involves tremendous amounts of energy.  Two types of nuclear.

OVERVIEW: Definition Types of nuclear reactions First commercial application Mechanism & Brief History Advantages and Disadvantages Facts of Nuclear energy.

Alternative Energy Sources

Nuclear Power Station Lecture No 5. A generating station in which nuclear energy is converted into electrical energy is known as a Nuclear power station.

Nuclear Power What is nuclear energy? Power plants use heat to produce electricity. Nuclear energy produces electricity from heat through a process called.

Splitting The Atom Nuclear Fission. The Fission Process unstable nucleus mass closer to 56.

 A nuclear reactor produces and controls the release of energy from splitting the atoms of certain elements. In a nuclear power reactor, the energy released.

Nuclear Reactions Chemistry Mrs. Coyle. Part I Fission and Fusion.

23.4 Nuclear energy NUCLEARNUCLEAR POWERPOWER Millstone Station.

Nuclear Energy. The Fuel: Uranium Present nuclear power plants consume U- 235 as fuel Uranium has 92 protons Two isotopes are important. U-235 has an.

IP How nuclear reactors work © Oxford University Press 2011 How nuclear reactors work.

Fission and Fusion Nuclear Fission

Controlling nuclear chain reactions By Matthew Boulton, Joshua Cooper, George Gallagher, Jonathon Griffiths, Dharmveer Sharma.

Nuclear Fission. unstable nucleus mass closer to 56.

About project

© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc. All rights reserved.

• NEWS AND RESOURCES
• LEARNING AND TOOLS

Conference and workshop proceedings and presentations

Presentations by the nea director‑general.

14 th European Nuclear Energy Forum Prague, Czech Republic 30 April 2019

International Ministerial Conference on Nuclear Power in the 21 st Century Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 30 October 2017

Nuclear Energy: Analyses of Today, Next Steps for Tomorrow, Nuclear Energy Assembly Washington, DC, USA 14 May 2015

Three Key Steps: Taking the Nuclear Energy Agenda Beyond Fukushima, 48th Japan Atomic Industrial Forum (JAIF) Annual Conference Tokyo, Japan 13 April 2015

Nuclear safety and regulation

Workshop on Developments in Fuel Cycle Facilities (FCFs) after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (NPS) Accident Aomori City, Japan 15-18 November 2016

13 th International Nuclear Regulatory Inspection Workshop Bruges, Belgium 17-21 April 2016

Sharing Views on Nuclear Regulatory Organisations' (NROs) Communication Tokyo, Japan 5 April 2016

Workshop on Regulatory Oversight of the Commissioning Phase for New Reactors Gyeongju City, Korea 14-16 March 2016

Workshop on Severe Weather and Storm Surge Issy-les-Moulineaux, France 18-20 November 2015

Fourth International Conference on Fatigue of Nuclear Reactor Components Sevilla, Spain 28 September-1 October 2015

Challenges and Enhancements to the Safety Culture of the Regulatory Body Paris, France 3 June 2015

Assessing the Challenges of Nuclear Criticality Safety from an Operational and Regulatory Perspective Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA 19-21 May 2015

Sharing Views on Nuclear Regulatory Organisations' (NROs) Communication Rockville, MD, USA 1 April 2015

Human Performance under Extreme Conditions with Respect to a Resilient Organisation Brugg, Switzerland 24-26 February 2015

Testing PSHA Results and Benefit of Bayesian Techniques for Seismic Hazard Assessment Pavia, Italy 4-6 February 2015

International Workshop on Operating Experience Programme Effectiveness Measures Garching, Germany 8-10 September 2014

International Workshop on Fire Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) Garching, Germany 28-30 April 2014

Sharing Views on Nuclear Regulatory Organisations' (NROs) Communication Montrouge, France 9 April 2014

OECD/NEA International Conference on Global Nuclear Safety Enhancement Tokyo, Japan 8 April 2014

Robustness of Electrical Systems of Nuclear Power Plants in Light of the Fukushima Daiichi Accident (ROBELSYS) | Appendix 2 (cont'd) and Appendix 3 1-4 April 2014

Experience from the Inspection of Licensee's Outage Activities, Including Fire Protection Programmes, Event Response Inspections and the Impact on Inspection Programmes of the Fukushima Daiichi NPP Accident | Appendix of Responses Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA 7-10 April 2014

Non-destructive Evaluation of Thick-walled Concrete Structure s Prague, Czech Republic 17-19 September 2013

PSA of Natural External Hazards Including Earthquake Prague, Czech Republic 17-20 June 2013

Challenges and Enhancements to Defence-in-Depth (DiD) in Light of the Fukushima Daiichi NPP Accident Paris, France 5 June 2013

Seismic Observation in Deep Boreholes and Its Applications Part 1 | Part 2 Kashiwazaki, Japan 7-9 November 2012

New Reactor Siting, Licensing and Construction Experience Atlanta, Georgia, USA 24-26 October 2012

CFD for Nuclear Reactor Safety Applications (CFD4NRS-4) Workshop Daejeon, Korea 10-12 September 2012

Eleventh Workshop on Experience from the Inspection of Ageing and Equipment Qualification, of Competency of Operators and of Licensee's Oversight of Contractors Baden, Switzerland 21-24 May 2012

Safety Assessment of Fuel Cycle Facilities – Regulatory Approches and Industry Perspectives Toronto, Canada 27-29 November 2011

OECD/NEA CSNI Workshop on Best Estimate Methods and Uncertainty Evaluations Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 Barcelona, Spain 16-18 November 2011

Oversight and Influencing of Licensee Leadership and Management for Safety, Including Safety Culture – Regulatory Approaches and Methods Chester, United Kingdom 26-28 September 2011

Workshop on PSA for New and Advanced Reactors Paris, France 20-24 June 2011

Utilisation of Operating Experience in the Regulatory Inspection Programme and of Inspection Findings and Operating Experience Insights from the Non-conformance of Spare Parts Helsinki, Finland 14-16 June 2011

OECD/NEA Forum on the Fukushima Accident: Insight and Approaches Paris, France 8 June 2011

Radioactive waste management

International Conference on Geological Repositories – Continued Engagement and Safe Implementation Moscow, Russian Federation 6-9 December 2016

International Conference on Financing of Decommissioning Konferens Spårvagnshallarna Stockholm, Sweden 20-21 September 2016

Joint NEA/IAEA Workshop on the Operational Safety of Geological Repositories Paris, France June 29-July 1 2016

Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations: Strategies, Practices and Challenges Moscow, Russian Federation 9-11 November 2015

Challenges to the Regulators in Siting and Licensing of Construction and Operations of Waste Repositories Helsinki, Finland 8-9 September 2015

IGSC Scenario Development Workshop Issy-les-Moulineaux, France 1-3 June 2015

Radioactive Waste Management and Constructing Memory for Future Generations Verdun, France 15-17 September 2014

Natural Analogues for Safety Cases of Repositories in Rock Salt Braunschweig, Germany 5-7 September 2013

Deliberating Together on Geological Repository Siting: Expectations and Challenges in the Czech Republic Karlovy Vary, Chyše and Blatno, Czech Republic 24-26 October 2012

Workshop on Radiological Characterisation for Decommissioning Studsvik, Sweden 17-19 April 2012

Joint RWMC-CRPPH Topical Session on Radiological Protection Aspects of Long-lived Radioactive Waste Management Paris, France 21 March 2012

Preparing for Construction and Operation of Geological Repositories – Challenges to the Regulator and the Implementer Issy-les-Moulineaux, France 23-25 January 2012

Clay Characterisation from Nanoscopic to Microscopic Resolution Karlsruhe, Germany 6-8 September 2011

The Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) across Generations Issy-les-Moulineaux, France 11-13 October 2011

Actual Implementation of a Spent Nuclear Fuel Repository in Sweden: Seizing Opportunities Gimo, Forsmark and Östhammar, Sweden 4-6 May 2011

Radiological protection

Stakeholder Dialogue: Experience and Lessons for Young and Old Experts and Researchers Webinar February-March 2016

The Fourth Workshop on Science and Values in Radiological Protection Decision-making Moscow, Russian Federation 9-11 June 2015

Seventh Asian Regional Conference on the Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection Tokyo, Japan 8-9 January 2015

International Workshop on Radiation and Thyroid Cancer Tokyo, Japan 21-23 February 2014

Topical Session on Recovery Management Summary Report Paris, France 15 May 2013

Third Workshop on Science and Values in Radiological Protection Decision-making Tokyo, Japan 6-8 November 2012

Nuclear development and the fuel cycle

NEA International Workshop on the Full Costs of Electricity Provision Paris, France 20 January 2016

NEA International Workshop on the Nuclear Innovation Roadmap (NI2050) Paris, France 7-8 July 2015

NEA Workshop on Innovations in Water-cooled Reactor Technologies Issy-les-Moulineaux, France 11-12 February 2015

Joint IEA/NEA Nuclear Technology Roadmap Update Workshop Paris, France 1 April 2014

OECD/NEA International WPNE Workshop on Project and Logistics Management in Nuclear New Build Issy-les-Moulineaux, France 11 March 2014

Joint IEA/NEA Nuclear Technology Roadmap Update Asia Stakeholder Engagement Workshop Hong Kong, China 25 Feburary 2014

OECD/NEA Workshop on Modelling Employment in the Nuclear Power Sector Issy-les-Moulineaux, France 13-14 Feburary 2014

Joint IEA/NEA Nuclear Technology Roadmap Update Workshop Paris, France 23-24 January 2014

OECD/NEA Workshop on Nuclear Damages, Liability Issues and Compensation Schemes Paris, France 10-11 December 2013

OECD/NEA International WPNE Workshop on the Role of Electricity Price Stability and Long-Term Financing for Nuclear New Build Paris, France 19 September 2013

OECD/NEA Workshop on Approaches to Estimation of the Costs of Nuclear Accidents Issy-les-Moulineaux, France 28-29 May 2013

Joint NEA/IAEA Expert Workshop on the Technical and Economic Assessment of Non-Electric Applications of Nuclear Energy (NUCOGEN) Paris, France 4-5 April 2013

Nuclear science

Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation – 14 th Information Exchange Meeting San Diego, CA, United States 17-20 October 2016

Structural Materials for Innovative Nuclear Systems (SMINS-4) Manchester, UK 11-14 July 2016

Wonder 2015: Fourth International Workshop on Nuclear Data Evaluation for Reactor Applications Aix-en-Provence, France 5-8 October 2015

Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation – 13 th Information Exchange Meeting Seoul, Korea 23-26 September 2014

Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities – SATIF 12 Batavia, Illinois, USA 28-30 April 2014

Nuclear Measurements, Evaluations and Applications (NEMEA-7) Collaborative International Evaluated Library Organisation (CIELO) Geel, Belgium 5-8 November 2013

Structural Materials for Innovative Nuclear Systems (SMINS-3) Idaho Falls, Idaho, USA 7-10 October 2013

Wonder 2012: Third International Workshop on Nuclear Data Evaluation for Reactor Applications Aix-en-Provence, France 25-28 September 2012

Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation – 12 th Information Exchange Meeting Prague, Czech Republic 24-27 September 2012

International Conference on Nuclear Criticality (ICNC2011) Edinburgh, Scotland 19-22 September 2011

International Conference on Advances in Mathematics, Computational Methods and Reactor Physics (M&C-2011) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 8-12 May 2011

Nuclear law

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

Download Free PDF

NUCLEAR POWER- PAPER PRESENTATION

Free related PDFs Related papers

Nuclear power is the power (generally electrical) produced from controlled (i.e., non-explosive) nuclear reactions. Commercial plants use nuclear fission reactions. Electric utility reactors heat water to produce steam, which is then used to generate electricity. Sixteen countries depend on nuclear power for at least a quarter of their electricity. France gets around three quarters of its power from nuclear energy, while Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Slovenia and Ukraine get one third or more. Japan, Germany and Finland get more than a quarter of their power from nuclear energy, while in the USA one fifth is from nuclear. Among countries which do not host nuclear power plants, Italy gets about 10% of its power from nuclear, and Denmark about 8%.

Current Research in Nuclear Reactor Technology in Brazil and Worldwide, 2013

This Review paper states that the concept of a nuclear power plant. Nuclear power can solve the energy trilemma of supplying baseload, clean and affordable power. However, a review of nuclear power plant (NPP) builds show mixed results, with delays in Finland and the US offset by successes in China, South Korea and the UAE. In the West, financing for new builds has been difficult in the face of a deregulated energy market, billion-dollar upfront investments, long build times and in the case of the US historically low gas prices. We explore how the nuclear industry is innovating in facing these challenges through a review of nuclear power developments in the past, present and future. Early developments in nuclear power in the 1950s resulted in a variety of designs, out of which the pressurized water reactor (PWR) became dominant for its compactness and overall economy. Over the next 10 years, several PWR-based small modular reactor (SMR) designs are expected to come online within an eight-year timeframe. Their modular construction and fabrication in a controlled factory setting aims to shorten build times from 8 to 3 years. However, the lack of established regulatory approval pathways may be a time-limiting challenge that needs to be overcome by the first fleet of SMRs. The passive safety and a smaller fuel loading of SMRs will allow them to be deployed at more potential sites, including brownfield replacements of old coal-fired power plants or power unconventional, remote or islanded grids. Some SMRs are also designed to load follow which will allow them to work harmoniously with intermittent renewables sources with the promise of an affordable, truly carbon-neutral grid. In the longer term, advanced nuclear reactors in the form of sodium-cooled, molten salt cooled, and high-temperature gas-cooled reactors hold the promise of providing efficient electricity production, industrial heat for heavy industry as well as the generation of hydrogen for synthetic fuel. CURRENT NUCLEAR POWER There are currently 454 nuclear power reactors supplying more than 10% of the world's electricity, operating at a high capacity factor of 81% (2017 world average). 31 countries operate nuclear power plants (NPP) with 70% of the world's nuclear electricity generated in five countries-USA, France, China, Russia and South Korea. Today, the average age of the operational power reactors stands at 30 years with over 60% of all NPPs having operated for more than 31 years. Fig. 1. Total net capacity of nuclear power under construction Reactors (GCRs) at 3% with 14 units in the UK and two Sodium fast Neutron Reactors (SFRs) at 1% operating in Russia. Currently, 54 power reactors are under construction, the bulk of which is concentrated in Asia (figure 1) and one-third of all reactors under construction are in China. NPP builds are also underway in the West, but in more modest numbers as the industry revives its nuclear supply chain left dormant from the slow rate of build over the last 20 years. HISTORY OF NPP BUILDS Nuclear energy production releases no CO 2 , however the initial build out of NPPs was motivated by the

Environmental Management, 1980

The purpose of a nuclear power plant is not to produce or release "Nuclear Power." The purpose of a nuclear power plant is to produce electricity. It should not be surprising, then, that a nuclear power plant has many similarities to other electrical generating facilities. It should also be obvious that nuclear power plants have some significant differences from other plants.

Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science

It is well known that electrical-power generation plays the key role in advances in industry, agriculture, technology, and standard of living. Also, strong power industry with diverse energy sources is very important for a country's independence. In general, electrical energy can be mainly generated from: (1) nonrenewable energy sources (75.5% of the total electricity generation) such as coal (38.3%), natural gas (23.1%), oil (3.7%), and nuclear (10.4%); and (2) renewable energy sources (24.5%) such as hydro, biomass, wind, geothermal, solar, and marine power. Today, the main sources for electrical-energy generation are: (1) thermal power (61.4%)—primarily using coal and secondarily using natural gas; (2) “large” hydro-electric plants (16.6%); and (3) nuclear power (10.4%). The balance of the energy sources (11.6%) is from using oil, biomass, wind, geothermal, and solar, and has visible impact just in a few countries. This paper presents the current status of electricity generat...

Himalayan Physics

Nuclear energy is the latest energy source to be used on a large scale. It has tremendous potentiality to meet the growing demand of energy without degrading the environment. Presently the nuclear fission of some heavy elements of the periodic table produces the vast majority of nuclear energy in the direct service of humankind. So nuclear energy produced by nuclear fission and its impacts are the main focus of this article.The Himalayan Physics Year 5, Vol. 5, Kartik 2071 (Nov 2014)Page: 51-58

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 2007

EPJ Web of Conferences, 2013

Nuclear Power, 2010

New Developments in Atomic Energy Research , 2013

Energy Policy, 2009

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 1989

Related topics

•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024

• Preferences

Nuclear Power Plant - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nuclear Power Plant

Nuclear power plant , equipments in powerplant , heat exchanger , reactor,theory of operation – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• Ashvani Shukla
• Reliance energy
• Electrical power can be generated by means of nuclear power. In nuclear power station, electrical power is generated by nuclear reaction. Here, heavy radioactive elements such as Uranium (U235) or Thorium (Th232) are subjected to nuclear fission. This fission is done in a Before going to details of nuclear power station, lets try to understand what is fission? In fission process, the nuclei of heavy radioactive atoms are broken into two nearly equal parts. During this breaking of nuclei, huge quantity of energy is released. This release of energy is due to mass defect. That mean, the total mass of initial product would be reduced during fission. This loss of mass during fission is converted into heat energy as per famous equation E mc2, established by Albert Einstein. special apparatus called as reactor.
• The basic principle of nuclear power station is same as steam power station. Only difference is that, instead of using heat generated due to coal combustion, here in nuclear power plant, heat generated due to nuclear fission is used to produce steam from water in the boiler. This steam is used to drive a steam turbine. This turbine is the prime mover of the alternator. This alternator generates electrical energy. Although, the availability of nuclear fuel is not plenty but very less amount of nuclear fuel can generate huge amount of electrical energy. This is the unique feature of a nuclear power plant. One kg of uranium is equivalent to 4500 metric tons of high grade coal. That means complete fission of 1 kg uranium can produce as much heat as can be produced by complete combustion of 4500 metric tons high grade coal. This is why, although nuclear fuel is much costlier, but nuclear fuel cost per unit electrical energy is still lower than that cost of energy generated by means of other fuel like coal and diesel. To meet up conventional fuel crisis in present era, nuclear power station can be the most suitable alternatives.
• As we said, the fuel consumption in this power station is quite low and hence, cost for generating single unit is quite less than other conventional power generation method.
• A nuclear power station occupies much smaller space compared to other conventional power station of same capacity.
• This station does not require plenty of water, hence it is not essential to construct plant near natural source of water. This also does not required huge quantity of fuel hence it is also not essential to construct the plant near coal mine, or the place where good transport facilities are available. Because of this, the nuclear power station can be established very near to the load Centre.
• The fuel is not easily available and it is very costly.
• Initial cost for constructing nuclear power station is quite high.
• Erection and commissioning of this plant is much complicated and sophisticated than other conventional power station.
• The fission by products are radioactive in nature, and it may cause high radioactive pollution.
• The maintenance cost is higher and the man power required to run a nuclear power plant is quite higher since specialty trained people are required.
• Sudden fluctuation of load cannot be met up efficiently by nuclear plant.
• As the by products of nuclear reaction is high radioactive, it is very big problem for disposal of this by products. It can only be disposed deep inside ground or in a sea away from sea share.
• A nuclear power station has mainly four components. Nuclear reactor,
• Heat exchanger,
• Steam turbine,
• Alternator.
• In nuclear reactor, Uranium 235 is subjected to nuclear fission. It controls the chain reaction that starts when the fission is done. The chain reaction must be controlled otherwise rate of energy release will be fast, there may be a high chance of explosion. In nuclear fission, the nuclei of nuclear fuel, such as U235 are bombarded by slow flow of neutrons. Due to this bombarding, the nuclei of Uranium is broken, which causes release of huge heat energy and during breaking of nuclei, number of neutrons are also emitted.
• These emitted neutrons are called fission neutrons. These fission neutrons cause further fission. Further fission creates more fission neutrons which again accelerate the speed of fission. This is cumulative process. If the process is not controlled, in very short time the rate of fission becomes so high, it will release so huge amount of energy, there may be dangerous explosion. This cumulative reaction is called chain reaction. This chain reaction can only be controlled by removing fission neutrons from nuclear reactor. The speed of the fission can be controlled by changing the rate of removing fission neutrons from reactors.
• A nuclear reactor is a cylindrical shaped stunt pressure vessel. The fuel rods are made of nuclear fuel i.e. Uranium moderates, which is generally made of graphite cover the fuel rods. The moderates slow down the neutrons before collision with uranium nuclei. The controls rods are made of cadmium because cadmium is a strong absorber of neutrons.
• The control rods are inserted in the fission chamber. These cadmium controls rods can be pushed down and pull up as per requirement. When these rods are pushed down enough, most of the fission neutrons are absorbed by these rods, hence the chain reaction stops. Again, while the controls rods are pulled up, the availability of fission neutrons becomes more which increases the rates of chain reaction. Hence, it is clear that by adjusting the position of the control rods, the rate of nuclear reaction can be controlled and consequently the generation of electrical power can be controlled as per load demand. In actual practice, the pushing and pulling of control rods are controlled by automatic feedback system as per requirement of the load. It is not controlled manually. The heat released during nuclear reaction, are carried to the heat exchanger by means of coolant consist of sodium metal.
• Heat Exchanger
• In heat exchanger, the heat carried by sodium metal, is dissipated in water and water is converted to high pressure steam here. After releasing heat in water the sodium metal coolant comes back to the reactor by means of coolant circulating pump. Steam Turbine
• In nuclear power plant, the steam turbine plays the same role as coal power plant. The steam drives the turbine in same way. After doing its job, the exhaust steam comes into steam condenser where it is condensed to provide space to the steam behind it. Alternator
• An alternator, coupled with turbine, rotates and generates electrical power, for utilization.
• NUCLEAR FUEL
• Nuclear fuel is any material that can be consumed to derive nuclear energy. The most common type of nuclear fuel is fissile elements that can be made to undergo nuclear fission chain reactions in a nuclear reactor
• The most common nuclear fuels are 235U and 239Pu. Not all nuclear fuels are used in fission chain reactions
• NUCLEAR FISSION
• When a neutron strikes an atom of uranium, the uranium splits ingto two lighter atoms and releases heat simultaneously.
• Fission of heavy elements is an exothermic reaction which can release large amounts of energy both as electromagnetic radiation and as kinetic energy of the fragments
• NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTIONS
• A chain reaction refers to a process in which neutrons released in fission produce an additional fission in at least one further nucleus. This nucleus in turn produces neutrons, and the process repeats. If the process is controlled it is used for nuclear power or if uncontrolled it is used for nuclear weapons
• U235 n ? fission 2 or 3 n 200 MeV
• If each neutron releases two more neutrons, then the number of fissions doubles each generation. In that case, in 10 generations there are 1,024 fissions and in 80 generations about 6 x 10 23 (a mole) fissions.
• Nuclear power generation does emit relatively low amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). The emissions of green house gases and therefore the contribution of nuclear power plants to global warming is therefore relatively little.
• This technology is readily available, it does not have to be developed first.
• It is possible to generate a high amount of electrical energy in one single plant
• DISADVANTAGES
• The problem of radioactive waste is still an unsolved one.
• High risks It is technically impossible to build a plant with 100 security.
• The energy source for nuclear energy is Uranium. Uranium is a scarce resource, its supply is estimated to last only for the next 30 to 60 years depending on the actual demand.
• Nuclear power plants as well as nuclear waste could be preferred targets for terrorist attacks..
• During the operation of nuclear power plants, radioactive waste is produced, which in turn can be used for the production of nuclear weapons.
• Steam generated in the reactor will be admitted to steam turbine and turbine rotate the alternator and power will be generated. After that all the process of steam turbine can be accomplished.

PowerShow.com is a leading presentation sharing website. It has millions of presentations already uploaded and available with 1,000s more being uploaded by its users every day. Whatever your area of interest, here you’ll be able to find and view presentations you’ll love and possibly download. And, best of all, it is completely free and easy to use.

You might even have a presentation you’d like to share with others. If so, just upload it to PowerShow.com. We’ll convert it to an HTML5 slideshow that includes all the media types you’ve already added: audio, video, music, pictures, animations and transition effects. Then you can share it with your target audience as well as PowerShow.com’s millions of monthly visitors. And, again, it’s all free.

About the Developers

PowerShow.com is brought to you by  CrystalGraphics , the award-winning developer and market-leading publisher of rich-media enhancement products for presentations. Our product offerings include millions of PowerPoint templates, diagrams, animated 3D characters and more.

Got any suggestions?

We want to hear from you! Send us a message and help improve Slidesgo

Top searches

Trending searches

indigenous canada

48 templates

hispanic heritage month

21 templates

39 templates

49 templates

day of the dead

13 templates

dominican republic

35 templates

Nuclear Presentation templates

Whether you want to talk about atomic bombs, the consequences of nuclear energy or advances in the study of this type of energy, these google slides themes and powerpoint templates will allow you to make a presentation about nuclear energy. wait a minute, are you looking for a template to describe a post-apocalyptic scenario in case of a nuclear power plant accident take a look at slidesgo we have templates for everything....

• Calendar & Weather
• Infographics
• Marketing Plan
• Project Proposal
• Social Media
• Thesis Defense
• Black & White
• Craft & Notebook
• Floral & Plants
• Illustration
• Interactive & Animated
• Professional
• Instagram Post
• Instagram Stories

It seems that you like this template!

Premium template.

Unlock this template and gain unlimited access

Register for free and start downloading now

International chernobyl remembrance day.

Download the "International Chernobyl Remembrance Day" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides and start impressing your audience with a creative and original design. Slidesgo templates like this one here offer the possibility to convey a concept, idea or topic in a clear, concise and visual way, by using different graphic...

Create your presentation Create personalized presentation content

Writing tone, number of slides, nuclear energy for elementary minitheme.

What is nuclear energy, what are its consequences, why is it so dangerous and why is it so widely used? These may be some of your students' questions or even your own. To answer them clearly and concisely, Slidesgo has designed a minitheme on nuclear energy, especially focused on elementary...

Nuclear Power Plant Pros & Cons Debate

We are facing an energy crisis. We have several options to fight against it, and nuclear energy is one of the cards on the table. But there is still a lot of controversy about it: some think it’s the future, some think it will contaminate the planet and cause climate...

Science Subject for High School - 10th Grade: Nuclear Chemistry

You won't need a hazmat suit to customize this template on nuclear chemistry. After all, you'll only need your computer and a bit of free time! These dark-colored backgrounds contain nuclei, so harness the power of atoms and release it in a burst of creativity! Edit the contents and adapt...

Nuclear Energy for Elementary Minitheme Infographics

Much has been said about nuclear energy, but do we really know what it is and what are its advantages and disadvantages? If you want to explain this topic to your elementary school students, the best option is to use these infographics, with which you can share knowledge in a...

Nuclear Attack Warning Procedure

Yellow and black may not seem like the ideal colors to make you feel prepared, but when it comes to surviving a nuclear attack, having an emergency plan designed in these colors can be a real lifesaver. With this template you can provide all the information people need to know...

Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster

The Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 1986 was one of the most tragic events in human history. This template for Google Slides and PowerPoint provides an overview of the disaster, including its causes, effects, and aftermath. Through engaging visuals, such as infographics, and charts you will be able to communicate the...

Nuclear Energy Campaign

The debate is on. Nuclear energy has saved some countries from power shortage, since it's reliable and carbon-free, but some of its disadvantages have to do with nuclear waste and high costs. Trying to cater to both sides of the debate, we've designed this new template. You'll see that the...

Nuclear Power Plant Business Plan

Download the Nuclear Power Plant Business Plan presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. Conveying your business plan accurately and effectively is the cornerstone of any successful venture. This template allows you to pinpoint essential elements of your operation while your audience will appreciate the clear and concise presentation, eliminating any...

Nuclear Safety and Security Measures

Download the Nuclear Safety and Security Measures presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides and start impressing your audience with a creative and original design. Slidesgo templates like this one here offer the possibility to convey a concept, idea or topic in a clear, concise and visual way, by using different...

International Day Against Nuclear Tests

August 29th is the International Day against Nuclear Tests, as established by the UN. This day of awareness is very important because these tests leave critical consequences on nature and even on human beings. At Slidesgo we are very committed to all causes that fight to protect the world we...

Apocalypse Nuclear Minitheme

Download the Apocalypse Nuclear Minitheme presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides and start impressing your audience with a creative and original design. Slidesgo templates like this one here offer the possibility to convey a concept, idea or topic in a clear, concise and visual way, by using different graphic resources....

Nuclear Weapons: Atomic Bomb

Download the Nuclear Weapons: Atomic Bomb presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. The education sector constantly demands dynamic and effective ways to present information. This template is created with that very purpose in mind. Offering the best resources, it allows educators or students to efficiently manage their presentations and engage...

Nuclear Apocalypse

Download the Nuclear Apocalypse presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides and start impressing your audience with a creative and original design. Slidesgo templates like this one here offer the possibility to convey a concept, idea or topic in a clear, concise and visual way, by using different graphic resources. You...

Atomic Bomb and Oppenheimer

The development of the atomic bomb is one of the most significant events in modern history. One of the key figures in this massive undertaking was J. Robert Oppenheimer, a physicist who played a leading role in the Manhattan Project. What other works was he involved in? This template will...

Nuclear Fusion

Download the Nuclear Fusion presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides and start impressing your audience with a creative and original design. Slidesgo templates like this one here offer the possibility to convey a concept, idea or topic in a clear, concise and visual way, by using different graphic resources. You...

Nuclear Power Plant Pros & Cons Debate Infographics

Download the Nuclear Power Plant Pros & Cons Debate template for PowerPoint or Google Slides and discover the power of infographics. An infographic resource gives you the ability to showcase your content in a more visual way, which will make it easier for your audience to understand your topic. Slidesgo...

• Page 1 of 2

Register for free and start editing online

Stay informed: Sign up for eNews

• Facebook (opens in new window)
• X (opens in new window)
• Instagram (opens in new window)
• YouTube (opens in new window)
• LinkedIn (opens in new window)

Nuclear Power Plants as Weapons for the Enemy

• Amazon (opens in new window)
• Barnes & Noble (opens in new window)
• Bookshop (opens in new window)
• UC Press (opens in new window)

About the Book

About the author.

• Today's Paper
• Markets Data
• Energy & Climate
• Energy transition

Dutton’s nuclear folly is an economy wrecker

Under the Coalition, Australian manufacturing would face a decade of uncertainty and taxpayers would finance the renationalisation of electricity generation.

Subscribe to gift this article

Gift 5 articles to anyone you choose each month when you subscribe.

Already a subscriber? Login

Opposition leader Peter Dutton’s CEDA speech on Monday provided no more detail on the Coalition’s nuclear policy. Dutton had already confirmed he would renationalise Australia’s baseload Australia’s power generation. His speech simply reaffirmed it. Sir Robert Menzies, a champion of free enterprise, would not recognise the modern Liberal Party.

Instead of setting out the cost of the seven nuclear power plants he has promised, Dutton stated yet again that the costings would be released before election day.

Introducing your Newsfeed

Follow the topics, people and companies that matter to you.

• Peter Dutton
• Craig Emerson

Latest In Energy & climate

Fetching latest articles

Most Viewed In Policy

Microsoft deal propels Three Mile Island restart, with key permits still needed

• Medium Text

BILLION DOLLAR BET

Sign up here.

Reporting by Laila Kearney in New York, Mrinalika Roy and Sourasis Bose in Bengaluru, and Timothy Gardner in Washington; Editing by Janane Venkatraman, Sriraj Kalluvila and Nick Zieminski

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. , opens new tab

Wall Street strikes back against New York's sovereign debt bill

Investors in emerging market sovereign bonds, alarmed by efforts to limit their debt restructuring options, are adding clauses to bond deals that would allow them to switch jurisdictions to avoid such curbs.