rabindranath tagore book review in english

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Be a better writer., book review: gitanjali by rabindranath tagore.

Updated: Sep 9, 2022

I don’t want to put this as a disclaimer, but I might be a wee bit partial in my rating. Tagore is one of the best poets and writers in the world. I’ve loved his works since I was a child (we had a few of his stories in our Hindi and English textbooks). My personal copy of Gitanjali is almost two decades old. I got it from a tiny makeshift bookstore.

The original poems were written in Bengali, the native language of Tagore. He then translated them (and many other works) to English. What can get better than reading the poems translated by the poet himself? Of course, nothing compares to the beauty of reading them in the original language, but since I do not know the language, I have to settle for the next best.

Tagore was born in Calcutta (now Kolkata), West Bengal, India. He wrote his first poem when he was around eight years old. Songs, sketches, poems, short stories, and prose—Tagore had numerous talents as a musician, polymath, artist, essayist, composer, playwright, and poet.

From his birth to his death (7 May 1861- 7 August 1941), Tagore’s entire life was during the British Raj (British rule) in India. He was a part of the freedom struggle. He wrote and composed the National Anthem of India and Bangladesh [which was then a part of Akhand Bharat (United :and of Bharat)]. Gitanjali or Song Offerings: A Collection of 103 Prose Poems

The English version of Gitanjali includes 69 poems from the Bengali version of Gitanjali, along with the rest for other works. He made a few changes, such as clubbing two poems and removing some phrases during the translation.

The original Bengali collection was first published in 1910. The translated version was published in 1912, which won him the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913. He was the first non-European to receive the award.

The second edition of Gitanjali (Song Offerings) has an introduction written by WB Yeats. The core theme of Gitanjali is devotion to the Supreme. The poems are steeped in spiritual essence. The title suits the theme to perfection.

Gita- song Anjali- offer with the utmost devotion

I feel honored to review such a revered piece of literature during the NaPoWriMo month of April. At the same time, I wonder if I can do justice to his work.

If my review appears more like a student in awe of the mentor rather than an actual analysis, you know the reason.

The poems are written in the style of the era, where words and spellings that differ from today's English. This period could be called the Indian Renaissance. You will see words like thou, thee, thy, etc. in every poem. While most poems have one-sided conversations with God, some are narrated to fellow villagers, Mother, and even readers.

Nature, love (for God), simplicity, devotion, death, graceful acceptance of situations, gratitude, peace, happiness, melancholy, and life are some of the recurring themes of his poems.

The imagery is vivid and marvelous. We can picture the hills, the rivers, the open sky, birds flying around. We can hear the sounds of gushing waters, feel the warmth of a kerosene lamp on a twilight evening, and breathe in the scent of night flowers.

The poems are metrical in Bengali. In English, they are lyrical and flow like the waves of a brook. Most of them are about half a page in length. A handful of poems are longer than a page. But the amount of emotion and imagery he packs in each poem is immense. A Few Favorite Poems

In the first poem of the book, the poet talks to Lord Krishna (who carries a flute) about how his frail vessel (the human body) will be filled with new life no matter how many times it gets emptied. The body might go weak and lose its life, but the heart and soul which have experienced the joy of being blessed by Krishna will always remain pure and stay alive.

The third poem shows the poet’s marvel at the melody played by Lord Krishna and despite his attempts, he doesn’t seem to be able to join the Lord to sing along. The music of the Lord seems to encompass the whole world as the poet stays mesmerized.

I’ll add a small note here. Lord Krishna is known for his musical sense, his magnetic appeal, his magical ability to know everything, and his wisdom mixed with loads of playful mischief. I’m going to add a picture at the end of the post so that you have an idea about his appearance. Poem 32 talks about how everyone who loved the poet has bound him with that emotion; except the Lord. The Lord has set him free. There are no expectations, no demands. Even if the poet doesn’t think of the Lord, he knows he is still loved. He knows that the Lord will wait for the poet to love him back.

Let’s jump to the 83rd poem in the book. It is my most favorite. Here, Mother is Goddess Durga, worshipped by the Bengalis and across India. When I was a child, my dad recited the poem, especially the first line:

Mother, I shall weave a chain of pearls for thy neck with the tears of my sorrow.

I barely understood what it meant, but the words stayed with me. Today, when I read the poem, I understand how simply he put forward his devotion. He owns nothing but sorrow, and that is what he gifts Her with all his heart.

The last poem of the book winds up the themes and places them at the Lord’s feet. Imagery is in abundance in this poem. Not a single poem is complete without referring to Nature. For the poet, Nature and God are a single entity. The poet surrenders, expressing his fatigue at having led this life and his desire to reach God to rest forever.

Picture of Lord Krishna

I hope you enjoyed the poems I shared with you. I attached the images so that you don’t have to search for them on the internet. But this is that one book that will bring you peace, especially in the current times. It will also give you hope that Nature knows how to set things right.

If you would like to support a fellow poet/ writer this NaPoWriMo month, please do check out my poetry collection, Violets in Hand on Amazon.

About the author: Srivalli Rekha is a blogger, writer, and amateur photographer. She got a degree in MBA and MA English Literature and chose to become a writer and a poet instead of a corporate professional.

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Gitanjali by Rabindranath Tagore -Book Review

• 19 August 2021

A collection of poetry to be experienced than talked about

Introduction to Gitanjali

Where the mind is without fear, a relationship with god, what makes gitanjali a must read, concluding notes.

You may think that you consume poetry consciously but there may come along a book, like Gitanjali, where poetry will consume you, wholly, making you feel both lost and found, leaving you with a gratified feeling.

It’s with a feeling of reverence and fondness that I attempt at writing about this book. This book is one that I don’t want to view from a reviewer’s lens. Though this post may be tagged under the category of a book review, let me be clear that this is not a book review.

This is more like a childlike joy of sharing a found treasure with friends. This is exactly that.

Rabindranath Tagore’s Gitanjali is a treasure to be shared and enjoyed, consumed and let be consumed, discussed in platforms and yet relished in silence.

Written by the Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore, Gitanjali (which translates to “Song Offerings”) is a collection of translated poems of Tagore’s collection of Bengali poems titled Gitanjali . Well, the Bengali collection had 157 poems while the English translated collection has only 103 poems.

The collection of poems captures the conversations of the poet with God in its profoundness even while keeping the language simple. It’s the simplicity in which Tagore brings out hope and the possibility to have conversations with God that makes it extraordinarily beautiful.

The poet Rabindranath Tagore won the Nobel Prize for Literature for Gitanjali in the year 1913 which put Indian Literature in high regard across the world.

I was introduced to Tagore’s work in my school through this poem “Where the mind is without fear” from Gitanjali –

This poem, written by the visionary during the period when the British ruled India, at first looked like written as a yearning for freedom from slavery. But what made me feel relevant even now, making it a timeless classic is that it yearns for freedom from our very own limitations of the mind. 

This poem and all of the other poems in Gitanjali too helps work on an individual level of freedom.

As a nation, we might be free from the shackles of slavery seeing progress in the fields of science, technology, medicine, sports, etc. But are we free from discrimination at the grassroots levels?

Do we even realize what freedom of mind may actually mean?

Gitanjali gently nudges us to question ourselves leading us to the heaven of freedom where the heaven is found just within us, where God sits right inside of us making conversations with Him possible, right now.

Gitanjali-Biggest influence on my poetry (and life) journey

As mentioned in one of my previous posts , Rabindranath Tagore’s Gitanjali is one of the biggest influences on my poetry (and life) journey and honestly, I don’t remember how I landed up with this book. But one thing that I clearly remember is that the very first poem in it had me in tears. Here is that piece:

More interestingly, I couldn’t move on to the rest of the poems and I didn’t force myself to do so too. I sat with the poem.

Some poems come to you to prepare you for an intense experience while some others come in as an assurance that your path is headed the right way. Gitanjali has poems that make me feel both ways.

More often or so, our relationship with God stems from fear or an obligation or a traditional practice but this anthology will make one seek God from a space of love.

There are times when the complexities of life may drain us, making life a dreadful solo journey. But one read of even one poem from Gitanjali can make you feel comfortable assuring that it needn’t be a solo journey while He is by your side.

Tagore brings in the beauty and joy of having an honest relationship with God through his lines effortlessly and efficiently.

Ain’t it just amazing? I sometimes feel that kids have such conversations easily while we as adults lose the connection with God because of our learned ignorance. Kids keep it simple like this conversation in the poem above. They say their fears openly, approach and own God which we as adults fear to do, afraid of being judged.

Gitanjali makes those real-time conversations with God possible and helps experience the childlike joy that comes with believing in magic and being open to it.

On another note, I would also love for you to listen to the song below penned by Tagore (not from Gitanjali though) which gives one the hope and courage to make the right choices and walk alone if the right thing is to stay away from a wrongful crowd.  

This book has an introduction to Gitanjali by the Irish poet W B Yeats is more than enough of a reason to make Gitanjali a must-read. Yeats’ introduction clearly shows his fascination for the mysticism in Tagore’s poems and calls it the work of a supreme culture.

Where most of the divisions and discriminations creep into society out of a religious divide, this anthology has the power of changing perspectives working on an individual level to free us from such limitations.

Even for an atheist, this book has an appeal as there’s no definite portrayal of God here and it’s more of an abstraction and personification. And the poems can make one easily personify God the way they want or simply relate it to an idea they believe in.

It’s more of an experience than a depiction. It’s more of a personal belief than a traditional practice.

Gitanjali helps you shift from a religious trip to a spiritual voyage with hope and love as comfort.

Our prayers end in a hurry, we take time to do rituals but not the time to sit alone to contemplate or have a conversation with God. We don’t even think about the possibility of having a conversation with God.

We distance ourselves from God not knowing of His residence just right in our hearts. Gitanjali helps you find Him, fall in love and make Him your forever friend.

We do things out of fear but not with an open-mindedness to seek, to be called wrong and to learn right from the wrong. We forget to learn to unlearn. And it can be hard from a lot of conditioning since birth but that is where Tagore’s Gitanjali comes in as a gentle nudge and a comforting blanket.

Some poems come to you to prepare you for an intense experience while some others come in as an assurance that your path is headed the right way. Gitanjali has poems that can make you feel both ways. –

P.S. Not every poem in Gitanjali has to be read in one go. Nor every poem of Gitanjali may appeal to you all at once. It is a growing experience.

Sit alone with one poem at a time and experience the magic it brings along. I bet, it will grow upon you and the poems will start talking to you (not necessarily in the same order of writing) right at the time when you least expect it.

Find a copy of Gitanjali here .

Happy experiencing Gitanjali.

9 Comments on Gitanjali by Rabindranath Tagore -Book Review

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How beautifully you have described the Gitanjali! Being Bengali, Tagore is never far from our conversations but I am yet to read all the poems in the book. Thank you for this reminder!

Ah! What a privilege it would be to have, explore and understand Tagore in everyday conversations right? Hope you get the time to relish all of his poems soon. 🙂

This was such a beautiful read – almost like you were sharing a piece of yourself with us. The extracts you have selected were a delight to read. I didn’t know they were such simple verses 🙂

True that. It was certainly a part of me more than being a traditional book review. That was the impact of Gitanjali speaking. And yes, the verses are simple yet profoundly meaningful. That’s the beauty of this piece of work. Glad you liked it, Suchita 🙂

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Book Review: Nationalism by Rabindranath Tagore

Nationalism by Rabindranath Tagore is a thought-provoking exploration of the cultural, political, and philosophical dimensions of nationalism. Written by one of India’s most celebrated poets and philosopher, first published in the early 20th century, this profound work critiques the rise of nationalist ideologies and their impact on society and their potential to undermine humanity’s deeper spiritual and social bonds.  Through compelling prose, Tagore delves into the challenges posed by mechanistic nation-states, advocating for a world built on spiritual unity, social cooperation, and shared humanity. A timeless classic, Nationalism remains a critical resource for understanding the complexities of nationalism and its implications on modern society.

Drawing from Tagore’s philosophical insights and global perspectives, the book examines the historical, cultural, and political dimensions of nationalism in the contexts of the West, Japan, and India. Tagore’s eloquence and poetic sensibility shine through as he challenges readers to rise above narrow nationalistic fervour and embrace a broader vision of humanity.

Tagore’s prose in Nationalism carries the same poetic elegance as his finest verses, blending profound philosophy with literary artistry.

He writes, “I believe in the harmony of humanity, where poverty cannot erase inner wealth, where defeat transforms into victory, and where the justice of eternity elevates the downtrodden into triumph. Let simplicity guide our external lives while enriching our inner souls. Civilization should rest on the foundation of social cooperation, not the strife of exploitation or economic conflict.”

In these lines, Tagore summarizes the essence of Nationalism , a call to preserve ethical and spiritual values amid the relentless march of modern progress. He critiques the mechanistic nature of nation-states and champions a vision of civilization rooted in moral integrity, mutual support, and the inner richness of humanity. For Tagore, true progress lies not in material dominance but in fostering social and spiritual harmony.

In Nationalism , Tagore defines nationalism as a construct of the mechanistic modern state, contrasting it with the organic unity of human civilization. He warns of its pitfalls, writing, “Nationalism is a great menace. It is the particular thing which for years has been at the bottom of India’s troubles.” His reflections emphasize the need for social cooperation and spiritual growth over materialistic or militaristic progress.

This seminal work remains highly relevant today, offering timeless wisdom on the impact of nationalism on individual identity and global harmony. With a blend of historical analysis, philosophical musings, and poetic expression, Tagore’s Nationalism continues to inspire critical thought and meaningful discourse.

Availability and Detail of Book

The book Nationalism by Rabindranath Tagore, first published in 1917, is a timeless exploration of the philosophical and cultural dimensions of nationalism. This edition, published by Fingerprint. Publishing on 1st September 2015, is written in English, Bengali and hindi and spans 120 pages, making it concise yet impactful. The paperback version is priced at ₹129, offering an affordable option for readers, while the hardcover edition is available at ₹99 for those seeking durability. Digital readers can access the Kindle edition, though its pricing is not specified, and an audiobook version is also available but without disclosed pricing details.

This profound work, which reflects Tagore’s critique of mechanized nationalism and his plea for human unity, can be purchased from major online retailers or directly from Prakash Books India Pvt Ltd in Daryaganj, New Delhi. By being available in multiple formats, this classic ensures accessibility to a wide audience, whether they prefer traditional print or modern digital platforms.

About Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) was a Bengali polymath who profoundly influenced literature, music, and art, pioneering Contextual Modernism in South Asia. He was the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913, awarded for his collection Gitanjali (Song Offerings), recognized for its deeply spiritual and poetic themes.

Tagore was not only a poet but also a novelist, essayist, playwright, and songwriter. He composed over 2,000 songs, many of which remain integral to Bengali culture. Among his most notable achievements, Tagore wrote the national anthems of both India (Jana Gana Mana) and Bangladesh (Amar Shonar Bangla). His literary works span over 50 volumes of poetry and numerous short stories, plays, and novels such as Gora and The Home and the World . His nonfiction explored topics like education, philosophy, and nationalism.

He founded Visva-Bharati University, promoting a synthesis of Eastern and Western educational ideals. In 1915, Tagore was knighted by the British Crown but relinquished the title in protest after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919.

To celebrate his 150th birth anniversary, The Essential Tagore , the most comprehensive anthology of his works in English, was published in collaboration with Harvard University Press and Visva-Bharati University.

Themes in Nationalism by Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Tagore’s Nationalism explores the multifaceted implications of nationalism on humanity, society, and civilization. Through his eloquent and critical discourse, Tagore provides a profound analysis of the dangers and potential of nationalistic ideologies. Below are six significant themes in the book, explained in detail:

1. The Mechanization of Humanity: Tagore defines nationalism as a product of the modern nation-state, which he describes as a “mechanical organization” focused on political and economic objectives. He warns against the dehumanizing effects of this mechanization, stating that it drains individuals of their moral and spiritual essence. In Nationalism , he writes, “Man’s power of sacrifice is diverted from his ultimate object, which is moral, to the maintenance of this organization, which is mechanical.” This theme underscores Tagore’s belief that nationalism prioritizes efficiency and power over creativity, empathy, and individual growth, reducing humans to mere cogs in a political and economic machine.

2. The Conflict Between East and West: Tagore contrasts the values of the East and the West, emphasizing the materialistic and exclusionary nature of Western nationalism. He critiques the West’s “political civilization” for being rooted in exclusiveness, competition, and domination. In Nationalism , he states, “The political civilization of Europe… is based upon exclusiveness. It is always watchful to keep the aliens at bay or to exterminate them.” Despite his criticism, Tagore does not dismiss the West entirely; instead, he calls for a synthesis where Eastern spirituality and social responsibility can counterbalance Western materialism. This theme reflects his vision of a harmonious world that integrates the strengths of both civilizations.

3. Nationalism as a Threat to Morality and Humanity: Tagore identifies nationalism as a force that undermines humanity’s moral integrity. He argues that the intense focus on national pride and identity fosters animosities and suppresses universal values. Tagore writes, “Nations, who sedulously cultivate moral blindness as the cult of patriotism, will end their existence in a sudden and violent death.” Through this theme, Nationalism critiques the moral blindness inherent in excessive patriotism, which blinds individuals to the shared humanity that unites all people.

4. The Role of Japan as a Model for Asia: In Nationalism , Tagore expresses admiration for Japan’s ability to blend modernization with cultural integrity. He views Japan as an example for other Asian nations, emphasizing its success in preserving its Eastern values while embracing progress. Tagore writes, “You must apply your Eastern mind, your spiritual strength, your love of simplicity… to cut out a new path for this great unwieldy car of progress.” However, his hopes for Japan as a moral leader are shadowed by the realities of its militaristic expansion during World War II, which would have deeply conflicted with his ideals.

5. Caste and Social Diversity in India: Tagore devotes a chapter of Nationalism to examining India’s unique challenges, particularly its caste system. While he initially justifies caste as a response to India’s social diversity, he later critiques it as a barrier to moral and spiritual unity. He juxtaposes India’s approach to diversity with the racial segregation of America, noting that India must move beyond caste to achieve true progress. This theme highlights Tagore’s nuanced view of Indian society and his call for moral reform that rise above rigid social hierarchies.

6. The Hope for Universal Humanity: Despite his criticisms of nationalism, Tagore remains hopeful about humanity’s potential for moral and spiritual growth. He advocates for a vision of progress rooted in universalism rather than narrow nationalism. He writes, “When power becomes ashamed to occupy its throne and is ready to make way for love… we shall bring our own vessel of sacred water to sweeten the history of man into purity.” This theme reflects Tagore’s unwavering belief in the possibility of a world united by shared ethical values and mutual respect, rather than by political or economic interests.

Through Nationalism , Rabindranath Tagore critiques the divisive and dehumanizing aspects of nationalist ideologies while advocating for a world guided by moral and spiritual values. His themes of mechanization, East-West relations, morality, Japan’s example, India’s social structures, and universal humanity make this work a timeless and relevant exploration of the challenges of modern civilization. Tagore’s vision offers a poignant reminder of the importance of prioritizing humanity over the machinery of the nation-state.

Critical Analysis of Nationalism by Rabindranath Tagore

Tagore’s Nationalism has garnered mixed public reviews for its bold critique of nationalism, its philosophical depth, and its relevance in modern sociopolitical contexts.

• Tagore’s Critique of Nationalism as a Machine: Rabindranath Tagore portrays nationalism as a “giant unfeeling machine” driven by power, greed, and materialism. Readers admire his poetic style and incisive argument against how nationalism dehumanizes individuals and fosters division. This perspective remains particularly relevant in today’s globalized yet fragmented world.
• Tagore’s Anti-Colonial Stand and Global Relevance: The book is praised for its anti-colonial stance, were Tagore critiques Western imperialism for imposing moral and spiritual degradation. His reflections on the effects of colonialism in India and Asia resonate with contemporary anti-imperialist discourses, offering a powerful historical lens.
• Idealism vs. Realism: Polarizing Opinions: Readers are divided over Tagore’s idealism. While some celebrate his optimism about humanity overcoming nationalism, others argue it is unrealistic given the persistent global conflicts. His call for a society based on spiritual growth and cooperation continues to inspire, albeit with skepticism about its feasibility.
• The Caste System and Internal Critique of India: Tagore’s reflections on India’s caste system have sparked debate. While he denounces its social inequality, his suggestion that it historically solved racial problems is criticized as overly generous and dismissive of its oppressive nature. This duality in his approach has drawn both praise and disapproval.
• Tagore’s Views on Western Civilization: Tagore challenges Eurocentrism, questioning the West’s claims of superiority. Readers find his critique of Western materialism and blind economic growth thought-provoking. However, his broad generalizations about the West’s moral failings have been criticized as overly simplistic.
• Philosophical Insights and Poetic Style: Many admire Tagore’s poetic and philosophical depth, which delves into the universal human condition. His exploration of values such as compassion, cooperation, and unity offer a timeless critique of modern societal constructs dominated by competition and greed.
• Controversies and Historical Accuracy: Critics point out historical inaccuracies in Tagore’s reflections, particularly his idealized view of medieval Europe as morally grounded. This has led to skepticism about certain claims in the book, though his broader message remains impactful.

Why Read Nationalism Today?

In a world grappling with rising nationalism, border conflicts, and socio-political unrest, Nationalism by Rabindranath Tagore is a must-read. Its reflections encourage readers to question narrow-minded ideologies, embrace global unity, and rethink societal values. Despite its shortcomings, Nationalism remains a significant work. It challenges deep-rooted views, provokes critical thinking, and serves as a timeless critique of nationalism’s flaws. For readers seeking a fresh perspective on global unity and human cooperation, this book is a powerful resource.

Final Thoughts

Rabindranath Tagore’s Nationalism is a timeless critique of blind patriotism and its impact on humanity. His sharp insights challenge the dehumanizing aspects of nationalism, urging readers to prioritize universal values such as compassion, cooperation, and spiritual growth. While some may find his views overly idealistic or historically biased, the book’s core message of rejecting divisive ideologies for a more connected and harmonious world remains powerful and relevant.

This short but profound text is a must-read for those seeking a deeper understanding of the balance between cultural identity and global unity in an increasingly polarized world.

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Book Review: Selected Short Stories by Rabindranath Tagore

If you don’t know who Rabindranath Tagore is, you should.  He was a Bengali writer, the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize for literature.  It was awarded primarily for his book “Gitanjali”, a collection of poetry.  Besides poetry, though, he wrote plays, novels, songs, non-fiction ranging from travelogues to history to essays, and, of course, short stories.

When he began to write his short stories in the late 1800s there was little literary precedence in Bengali; he claims he had to invent language for the form as he composed.  At the time he had gone off into the countryside to manage some estates for his family.  He lived on a houseboat on the Padma River, and daily was in contact with the common folk who comprise the characters in his tales.  His affinity with and love for them is evident in the empathy he displays for them all:  he writes of families torn asunder by contention and jealousy, of arranged marriages, of child brides, of wandering mendicants, of devotees of Hindu gods, of the rich destroyed by their riches and the poor by their poverty, of teachers and their students, of servants and their masters, of parents and their children; he even writes a few about ghosts and haunted palaces.  All of them are set in the milieu of the time:  the Hindu- and Bengali-speaking northeast of India during the British Raj.  The British, however, are mentioned only peripherally; the stories are about Indians and India.  Though the customs and beliefs are very different from what we are used to in the modern West, Tagore’s talent is great enough to get us into the minds of his characters so that they become familiar to us and we can see them as beset with humanity as we ourselves are.

Tagore is an artist.  Apart from the believable characters there are beautiful descriptions of the Bengali countryside:  sunshine and storms, droughts and floods, plains and rivers, trees and flowers, as well as the scents and sounds and feel of the country villages.

This book is of particular interest to me because I lived for several years in Bangladesh and in West Bengal, India.  I studied elementary Bengali at Dhaka University.  I lived for a few months in Santiniketan, where Tagore lived and founded an ashram.  I can still read Bengali, but alas, I have forgotten most of the vocabulary.  I would like to read Tagore in the original.  Someday, perhaps.

In the meantime, this is an excellent translation.  Sometimes when I have read translated works, for instance of Shusaku Endo’s “Deep River”, I have been disappointed; while the quality of the original cannot help but shine through, it is evident that something has been lost in the transition from the author’s language to English.  I can’t say that this is the case here.  The translation (by William Radice) is very smooth, very elegant.

Would I recommend this book?  Unequivocally.  Anyone who loves short stories should read this book, or you are missing out on a master of the craft.  Some of the stories are stronger than others, it’s true, but that is true of any short story collection.  Some of my particular favorites are:  “Taraprasanna’s Fame”, “Wealth Surrendered”, “Kabuliwallah”, “A Problem Solved”, “Thakurda”, “The Hungry Stones”, and “The Gift of Sight”.  The stories are all quite short and can be read in a sitting, which is good because many of them are best appreciated as whole entities.

I’m a professional writer; I make my living by my words.  I’m happy to share these essays with you, but at the same time, financial support makes the words possible.  If you’d like to become a patron of the arts and support my work, buy a few of my available books or available stories .  Thanks!

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5 responses to book review: selected short stories by rabindranath tagore.

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thanks it help me to gain information abt shri rabindranath tagore

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Books by Rabindranath Tagore and Complete Book Reviews

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Lit. Summaries

• Biographies

Gitanjali: A Comprehensive Literary Analysis of Rabindranath Tagore’s Masterpiece

• Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Tagore’s “Gitanjali” is a collection of poems that has captivated readers for over a century. This literary masterpiece has been translated into numerous languages and has won the Nobel Prize for Literature. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive literary analysis of “Gitanjali,” exploring its themes, style, and significance in the world of literature.

Background and Context

Rabindranath Tagore, the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, is widely regarded as one of the greatest literary figures in Indian history. His works, which include poetry, novels, and plays, have been translated into numerous languages and continue to be celebrated for their lyrical beauty and profound insights into the human condition. Among his most famous works is Gitanjali, a collection of poems that was first published in 1910. Gitanjali, which means “song offerings,” is a deeply spiritual work that explores themes of love, devotion, and the search for meaning in life. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive literary analysis of Gitanjali, examining its themes, structure, and language in order to gain a deeper understanding of this masterpiece of Indian literature.

Tagore’s Life and Work

Rabindranath Tagore was a prolific writer, poet, and philosopher who left an indelible mark on Indian literature and culture. Born in Calcutta in 1861, Tagore was the youngest of thirteen children and grew up in a family that was deeply involved in the arts and literature. He began writing poetry at a young age and published his first collection of poems, “Bhanusimha Thakurer Padabali,” at the age of sixteen. Over the course of his life, Tagore wrote over 2,000 songs, numerous plays, and dozens of books of poetry and prose. He was the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913, and his work continues to be celebrated and studied around the world.

Structure and Form

The structure and form of Gitanjali is unique and unconventional. It is a collection of 103 poems, each with its own distinct theme and message. The poems are not arranged in any particular order, and there is no overarching narrative or plot. Instead, the poems are like individual pieces of a puzzle that come together to form a larger picture.

The form of the poems is also unconventional. They are written in free verse, without any strict rhyme or meter. This allows Tagore to experiment with language and create a more natural and organic flow to his poetry. The poems are also relatively short, with most being only a few lines long. This brevity allows Tagore to pack a lot of meaning into each poem, and to convey his message in a concise and powerful way.

Despite the unconventional structure and form, Gitanjali is a cohesive and powerful work of literature. The poems are deeply spiritual and philosophical, and they explore themes of love, faith, and the human condition. Through his poetry, Tagore invites the reader to reflect on their own life and to find meaning and purpose in the world around them.

Themes and Motifs

One of the most prominent themes in Gitanjali is the search for spiritual enlightenment. Throughout the collection of poems, Tagore explores the idea of connecting with a higher power and finding meaning in life beyond material possessions. This theme is exemplified in poems such as “The Gardener” and “The Child Angel,” where the speaker seeks guidance and understanding from a divine source.

Another recurring motif in Gitanjali is the natural world. Tagore frequently uses imagery of nature to convey emotions and ideas, such as in the poem “The Sunset of the City,” where the setting sun represents the end of a chapter in life. The use of nature in this way adds a sense of universality to the themes of the collection, as the natural world is something that all readers can relate to and understand.

Overall, the themes and motifs in Gitanjali work together to create a cohesive exploration of spirituality and the human experience. Through his use of language and imagery, Tagore invites readers to reflect on their own beliefs and values, making Gitanjali a timeless masterpiece of literature.

Symbolism and Imagery

Symbolism and imagery play a significant role in Rabindranath Tagore’s Gitanjali. The poems are filled with vivid and powerful images that evoke a range of emotions and ideas. One of the most prominent symbols in the collection is the image of the bird. Throughout the poems, birds are used to represent freedom, spirituality, and the human soul. In “Song 1,” for example, the speaker compares his soul to a bird that is trapped in a cage, longing to be set free. This image is a powerful metaphor for the human desire for spiritual liberation and transcendence. Other symbols in the collection include the sun, which represents enlightenment and divine knowledge, and the ocean, which symbolizes the vastness and mystery of the universe. Through these symbols and images, Tagore creates a rich and complex tapestry of meaning that invites readers to explore the depths of their own spiritual and emotional lives.

Language and Style

Tagore’s language and style in Gitanjali are both unique and captivating. He uses simple and straightforward language to convey complex emotions and ideas. His style is characterized by a lyrical quality that is both musical and poetic. The use of repetition, imagery, and symbolism is also prevalent throughout the work. Tagore’s language and style are integral to the overall impact of Gitanjali, as they help to create a sense of intimacy and emotional depth that is both powerful and moving.

Character Analysis

One of the most striking aspects of Gitanjali is the depth and complexity of its characters. Tagore’s ability to create fully realized individuals with unique personalities and motivations is a testament to his skill as a writer. The protagonist of the collection, who is often assumed to be Tagore himself, is a particularly fascinating character. He is introspective and contemplative, constantly searching for meaning and purpose in his life. His struggles with faith and doubt, as well as his deep love for nature and humanity, make him a relatable and sympathetic figure. Other characters in the collection, such as the various gods and goddesses that appear in the poems, are equally well-drawn and add to the richness of the work as a whole. Through his masterful characterizations, Tagore creates a world that is both vividly real and deeply spiritual.

Religious and Philosophical Influences

Rabindranath Tagore’s Gitanjali is a masterpiece that reflects the poet’s religious and philosophical influences. Tagore was deeply influenced by the teachings of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity, which are reflected in his poetry. His spiritual beliefs are evident in the themes of his poems, which explore the nature of God, the meaning of life, and the human condition.

Tagore’s poetry is infused with the idea of unity and oneness, which is a central tenet of Hinduism and Buddhism. He believed that all living beings are interconnected and that the ultimate goal of life is to achieve spiritual enlightenment. This idea is reflected in his poem “The Gardener,” where he writes, “I am only a flower, / you are the sun and the sky, / and together we make a garden.”

Tagore’s poetry also reflects his Christian influences, particularly in his exploration of the concept of love. He believed that love was the most powerful force in the universe and that it had the power to transform individuals and society. This idea is evident in his poem “Unending Love,” where he writes, “I seem to have loved you in numberless forms, numberless times, / In life after life, in age after age forever.”

Overall, Tagore’s religious and philosophical influences are an integral part of his poetry and contribute to its timeless appeal. His exploration of the nature of God, the meaning of life, and the human condition continues to resonate with readers today, making Gitanjali a true masterpiece of world literature.

Impact and Legacy

The impact and legacy of Rabindranath Tagore’s Gitanjali cannot be overstated. The collection of poems, which won Tagore the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913, has been translated into numerous languages and continues to inspire readers around the world. Gitanjali is not only a masterpiece of Bengali literature but also a significant contribution to world literature. It has influenced generations of writers and poets, and its themes of spirituality, love, and nature continue to resonate with readers today. Tagore’s use of simple language and imagery to convey complex emotions and ideas has made Gitanjali accessible to a wide audience, and its universal themes have ensured its enduring popularity. The legacy of Gitanjali is evident in the continued reverence for Tagore as a literary giant and cultural icon in India and beyond.

Reception and Criticism

Gitanjali, Rabindranath Tagore’s masterpiece, has received both praise and criticism since its publication in 1910. The collection of poems, which won Tagore the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913, has been celebrated for its spiritual depth and lyrical beauty. However, some critics have also pointed out its occasional sentimentality and lack of political engagement. Despite these criticisms, Gitanjali remains a beloved work of literature that continues to inspire readers around the world.

Gender and Feminism

In Gitanjali, Rabindranath Tagore explores the themes of gender and feminism through his portrayal of women. The women in his poems are not passive objects of male desire, but rather active agents who challenge societal norms and expectations. They are strong, independent, and capable of making their own decisions. Tagore’s portrayal of women is a reflection of his own feminist beliefs, which were ahead of their time. He believed in the equality of men and women and advocated for women’s rights. Through his poetry, Tagore encourages women to break free from the constraints of patriarchy and to assert their own identities. His message is as relevant today as it was when he wrote Gitanjali over a century ago.

Colonialism and Nationalism

Colonialism and Nationalism played a significant role in shaping the literary works of Rabindranath Tagore, particularly in his masterpiece, Gitanjali. As a Bengali writer living under British colonial rule, Tagore was acutely aware of the political and cultural tensions of his time. His poetry reflects a deep sense of longing for freedom and national identity, as well as a critique of the oppressive colonial system.

In Gitanjali, Tagore explores themes of love, spirituality, and the search for meaning in a world dominated by colonialism. The poems are infused with a sense of melancholy and nostalgia for a lost way of life, as well as a yearning for a brighter future. At the same time, Tagore celebrates the beauty of his native Bengal and the richness of its cultural traditions.

Through his poetry, Tagore also critiques the narrow-mindedness of colonialism and its impact on Indian society. He challenges the idea that Western culture is superior to Indian culture, and instead celebrates the diversity and complexity of his own heritage. In doing so, he offers a powerful vision of Indian nationalism that is rooted in a deep appreciation for the country’s history and culture.

Overall, Colonialism and Nationalism are central themes in Gitanjali, and they reflect the complex political and cultural landscape of Tagore’s time. Through his poetry, Tagore offers a powerful critique of colonialism and a vision of Indian nationalism that is both inclusive and deeply rooted in the country’s cultural heritage.

Love and Relationships

Love and Relationships play a significant role in Rabindranath Tagore’s masterpiece, Gitanjali. The collection of poems explores the various facets of love, including romantic love, spiritual love, and love for humanity. Tagore’s portrayal of love is not limited to the conventional notions of love but goes beyond it to encompass the universal human experience of love and relationships. The poems in Gitanjali are a testament to the power of love to transform and transcend boundaries. Through his poetry, Tagore emphasizes the importance of love and relationships in our lives and how they shape our identity and purpose. The themes of love and relationships in Gitanjali are timeless and continue to resonate with readers across generations.

Nature and Environment

Rabindranath Tagore’s Gitanjali is not only a masterpiece of literature, but it also reflects the poet’s deep love and respect for nature and the environment. Throughout the collection of poems, Tagore portrays nature as a source of inspiration, solace, and spiritual enlightenment. He celebrates the beauty of the natural world, from the blooming flowers to the singing birds, and emphasizes the importance of preserving it for future generations. In one of the poems, he writes, “The earth is yours, and the fullness thereof; the world and they that dwell therein.” This line highlights the interconnectedness of all living beings and the responsibility we have to protect the planet we call home. Tagore’s Gitanjali serves as a reminder of the beauty and fragility of nature and the urgent need to take action to preserve it.

Social and Political Issues

One of the most prominent social and political issues addressed in Rabindranath Tagore’s Gitanjali is the struggle for Indian independence from British colonial rule. Throughout the collection of poems, Tagore expresses his deep love for his country and his desire for its freedom. He also critiques the oppressive nature of colonialism and the ways in which it has disrupted traditional Indian culture and values. Additionally, Tagore addresses issues of class and caste, advocating for greater equality and social justice. Overall, Gitanjali serves as a powerful commentary on the social and political issues of its time, and continues to resonate with readers today.

Spirituality and Mysticism

Spirituality and Mysticism are two of the most prominent themes in Rabindranath Tagore’s Gitanjali. The poems in this collection are deeply rooted in the poet’s spiritual beliefs and his quest for a deeper understanding of the divine. Tagore’s spirituality is not limited to any particular religion or tradition, but rather encompasses a universal understanding of the divine that transcends all boundaries.

The poems in Gitanjali are filled with mystical imagery and metaphors that evoke a sense of wonder and awe. Tagore’s use of nature imagery, in particular, is a recurring motif throughout the collection. He often uses the natural world as a metaphor for the divine, portraying it as a source of beauty, wonder, and inspiration.

One of the most striking aspects of Tagore’s spirituality is his emphasis on the importance of personal experience and direct communion with the divine. He encourages his readers to seek out their own spiritual path and to cultivate a deep and personal relationship with the divine. This emphasis on personal experience is reflected in the intimate and confessional tone of many of the poems in Gitanjali.

Overall, the spirituality and mysticism in Gitanjali are an integral part of the collection’s appeal and enduring popularity. Tagore’s universal message of love, compassion, and spiritual awakening continues to resonate with readers around the world, making Gitanjali a timeless masterpiece of world literature.

Interpretations and Readings

Gitanjali, a collection of poems by Rabindranath Tagore, has been interpreted and read in various ways since its publication in 1910. The poems have been translated into numerous languages and have been appreciated by readers across the world. The collection has been interpreted as a spiritual journey, a celebration of nature, a reflection on love and relationships, and a critique of colonialism.

One of the most common interpretations of Gitanjali is that it is a spiritual journey of the poet. The poems are seen as a quest for the divine, a search for meaning and purpose in life. The poems are filled with references to God, the soul, and the afterlife. The poet’s longing for the divine is expressed through his use of imagery and metaphors, such as the sun, the moon, and the stars.

Another interpretation of Gitanjali is that it is a celebration of nature. The poems are filled with descriptions of the natural world, such as the flowers, the birds, and the trees. The poet’s love for nature is expressed through his use of vivid imagery and sensory details. The poems are seen as a tribute to the beauty and wonder of the natural world.

Gitanjali has also been interpreted as a reflection on love and relationships. The poems are filled with expressions of love, longing, and desire. The poet’s relationships with his loved ones, such as his wife and children, are explored in the poems. The poems are seen as a celebration of the joys and sorrows of love and relationships.

Finally, Gitanjali has been interpreted as a critique of colonialism. The poems are filled with references to the poet’s homeland, India, and his people. The poet’s love for his country and his people is expressed through his use of imagery and metaphors. The poems are seen as a critique of the oppressive colonial rule that India was under at the time of the collection’s publication.

In conclusion, Gitanjali is a masterpiece of literature that has been interpreted and read in various ways. The collection has been appreciated for its spiritual depth, its celebration of nature, its reflection on love and relationships, and its critique of colonialism. The poems continue to inspire readers across the world and are a testament to the enduring power of Tagore’s poetry.

Comparative Analysis with Other Works

When it comes to comparing Gitanjali with other works, it is important to note that Tagore’s masterpiece stands out for its unique blend of spirituality, humanism, and poetic beauty. While there are certainly other works of literature that explore similar themes, few can match the depth and complexity of Gitanjali. For example, the poetry of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge often deals with themes of nature, spirituality, and the human experience, but their works lack the universal appeal and emotional resonance of Tagore’s writing. Similarly, the works of other Indian poets such as Mirza Ghalib and Kabir also explore themes of spirituality and humanism, but they do not possess the same level of poetic beauty and emotional depth as Gitanjali. Ultimately, it is this unique combination of spiritual insight, humanistic values, and poetic beauty that sets Gitanjali apart from other works of literature and makes it a true masterpiece of world literature.

Adaptations and Translations

One of the most remarkable aspects of Rabindranath Tagore’s Gitanjali is its ability to transcend linguistic and cultural barriers. Originally written in Bengali, the collection of poems has been translated into numerous languages, including English, French, German, and Spanish. These translations have allowed readers from all over the world to experience the beauty and depth of Tagore’s work. However, some critics argue that the translations do not fully capture the essence of the original text, as certain nuances and cultural references may be lost in translation. Despite this, the popularity of Gitanjali and its translations continues to grow, cementing its place as a timeless masterpiece of world literature.